Topic 3 Perception pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: What we sense (in our sensory organs) is the same as what we perceive (in our minds)

A

false: they are NOT the same

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2
Q

We are asked to find the cat in an image. After a few minutes, we spot that cat. What happened?

A

the light entering our eyes remained the same, but our perception of the image changed

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3
Q

What is the problem with perception?

A

We are trying to understand what is out there in the world

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4
Q

What is the challenge with perception?

A

The inverse problem: how we determine the distal stimulus from the proximal stimulus

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5
Q

distal stimulus

A

what is out there in the world

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6
Q

proximal stimulus

A

what we sense (the image on the retina)

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7
Q

What sources of information contribute to our perception? (5 points)

A
  1. ) Genes
  2. ) Past experience
  3. ) Internal state
  4. ) Environmental context
  5. ) Proximal stimulus
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8
Q

Information learned on a timescale of current episode

A

internal state

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9
Q

information learned on a timescale of human life

A

past experiences

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10
Q

information learned on a timescale of evolution

A

genes

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11
Q

Touch, Thermal, and Pain are all part of

A

somatosensory system

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12
Q

define and give examples of a proximal stimulus

A

proximal stimulus is what stimulates the sensory receptors

examples of proximal stimulus includes light, sound waves, touch

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13
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized cells that convert external phenomena into neural signals

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14
Q

neural pathway of senses

A

from sensory receptors via thalamus to cerebral cortex

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15
Q

percept

A

mental representation of a distal stimulus

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16
Q

wherever it is we are looking, the light from that location arrives in the ______

17
Q

What is the blind spot

A

a hole in the retina where all the axons depart. In the blind spot, there are no photoreceptors, caused by optic chiasm

18
Q

where are the photoreceptors?

A

back of the retina

19
Q

What are the types of photoreceptors?

A

rods (1 type) and cones (3 types)

20
Q

What are the 3 types of cones

A

S (smallest wavelength)
M (middle wavelength)
L (longest wavelength)

21
Q

What happens to the density of cones as it gets closer to the fovea?

22
Q

what happens to the density of cones at it gets further away from the fovea?

23
Q

what happens to the density of the rods at it gets further away from the fovea

24
Q

what happens to the density of the rods at it gets closer to the fovea

25
how is sound created
Sound is created by changes in air pressure.
26
organ of corti
responsible for transduction and is located in the inner ear
27
what is the basilar membrane
stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear
28
in the basilar membrane, the location of maximal excitation depends on the _______.
Location of maximal excitation depends on the frequency. Low frequency causes vibration near the end High frequency causes vibration near the base
29
Summarize the primary auditory pathway (7 points)
1. ) Auditory Nerve 2. ) Cochlear nuclei (medulla) 3. ) Superior olivary nucleus (pons) 4. ) Nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pons) 5. ) Inferior colliculus (midbrain) 6. ) Medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus) 7. ) Primary auditory cortex
30
Which mechanoreceptors are most superficial?
Meisser and Merkel
31
Which mechanoreceptors are deepest?
Pacinian and Ruffini
32
Which mechanoreceptors are fast adapting?
Pacinian and Meissner
33
Which mechanoreceptors are slow adapting?
Ruffini and Merkel
34
Summarize the somatosensory pathway (4 points)
1. ) Dorsal root ganglion 2. ) Cuneate / Gracile nuclei (medulla) 3. ) Ventral posterior nuclei (thalamus) 4. ) Primary somatosensory cortex
35
2 layers of cells that light has to pass through to get to the rods and cones of the retina
1. ) ganglion cells | 2. ) bipolar cells
36
What does the medial geniculate nucleus do?
detects sound waves and is responsible for thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex