Topic 2: Brain pt 1 Flashcards
“glia” comes from the Greek word for ____
glue
another word for neuroglia
glial cells
non neuronal cells in the nervous system
glial cells or neuroglia
what are the functions of glial cells? (5 answers)
- ) Support neurons physically
- ) Supply neurons with nutrients and oxygen
- ) protect neurons from harmful pathogens and cclean out dead neurons
- ) Insulate neurons from each other
- ) Modulate/regulate neural activity
true or false: glial cells make up a quarter of the CNS volume
false: glial cells make up half of the CNS volume
how many glial cells are there?
100 billion glial cells (makes up half of the CNS volume)
what are the types of neuroglia in the central nervous system ?
- ) ependymal cells
- ) oligodendrocytes
- ) astrocytes
- ) microglia
what are the types of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system?
- ) Schwann cells
2. ) Satellite cells
which neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system acts as the structural support for neurons
Satellite cells
which neuroglia in the central nervous system acts as the structural support for neurons
astrocytes
what are the functions of the astrocytes (CNS) and the satellite cells (PNS)? (4 points)
- ) Provides structural support for neurons
- ) Helps create the blood brain barrier (bbb)
- ) Provides nutrients to neurons
- ) modulate neuronal activity through reuptake of neurotransmitters and regulation of ion concentration
what is the function of ependymal cells?
help produce and circulated cerebrospinal fluid
function of microglia (CNS)
macrophages that devour and digest cellular debris (phagocytosis)
what are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic & Autonomic
describe the somatic nervous system
- ) voluntary movements
- ) from skin to brain (somatosensory)
- ) from brain to muscle (motor)
describe the autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of non voluntary functions (cardiac mm such as the heart, smooth muscle such as the gut, glands)
operates antagonistically to achieve homeostasis
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system (5 points)
- “fight or flight” and quick response
- increases blood flow to skeletal muscles
- increases heart rate
- inhibits digestion
- dilates pupils for far vision
parasympathetic nervous system (4 points)
- “rest and digest” “feed and breed” and calmness
- increases blood flow to gut
- facilitates digestion
- constricts pupils for near vision
what protects the central nervous system? (3 points)
- meninges (covering)
- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cushioning)
- ventricles: fluid - filled spaces
what are meninges comprised of? (4 points)
- ) dura mater
- ) arachnoid mater
- ) subarachnoid space
- ) pia mater
dura mater
thic, tough membrane
arachnoid mater
thin fibrous membrane with trabeculate extending through the subarachnoid space to the pia mater
subarachnoid space
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater
delicate membrane that follows the cortical surface
where is cerebrospinal fluid produced
choroid plexuses
cerebrospinal fluid circulates in _______
ventricular system
what are the functions of CSF? (3 points)
- ) buoyancy and protection
- ) chemical stability
- ) clearing of waste
Space Centric Directional Terminology
superior = above inferior = below anterior = before posterior = after
Body Centric Directional Terminology
Dorsal = back Ventral = belly Rostral = nose Caudal = tail
Near and Far
proximal and distal
