Topic 2: Brain pt 1

Question 1

“glia” comes from the Greek word for ____

Answer 1

glue

Question 2

another word for neuroglia

Answer 2

glial cells

Question 3

non neuronal cells in the nervous system

Answer 3

glial cells or neuroglia

Question 4

what are the functions of glial cells? (5 answers)

Answer 4

1. ) Support neurons physically
2. ) Supply neurons with nutrients and oxygen
3. ) protect neurons from harmful pathogens and cclean out dead neurons
4. ) Insulate neurons from each other
5. ) Modulate/regulate neural activity

Question 5

true or false: glial cells make up a quarter of the CNS volume

Answer 5

false: glial cells make up half of the CNS volume

Question 6

how many glial cells are there?

Answer 6

100 billion glial cells (makes up half of the CNS volume)

Question 7

what are the types of neuroglia in the central nervous system ?

Answer 7

1. ) ependymal cells
2. ) oligodendrocytes
3. ) astrocytes
4. ) microglia

Question 8

what are the types of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 8

1. ) Schwann cells

2. ) Satellite cells

Question 9

which neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system acts as the structural support for neurons

Answer 9

Satellite cells

Question 10

which neuroglia in the central nervous system acts as the structural support for neurons

Answer 10

astrocytes

Question 11

what are the functions of the astrocytes (CNS) and the satellite cells (PNS)? (4 points)

Answer 11

1. ) Provides structural support for neurons
2. ) Helps create the blood brain barrier (bbb)
3. ) Provides nutrients to neurons
4. ) modulate neuronal activity through reuptake of neurotransmitters and regulation of ion concentration

Question 12

what is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 12

help produce and circulated cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

function of microglia (CNS)

Answer 13

macrophages that devour and digest cellular debris (phagocytosis)

Question 14

what are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 14

Somatic & Autonomic

Question 15

describe the somatic nervous system

Answer 15

1. ) voluntary movements
2. ) from skin to brain (somatosensory)
3. ) from brain to muscle (motor)

Question 16

describe the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

• sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of non voluntary functions (cardiac mm such as the heart, smooth muscle such as the gut, glands)

Question 17

operates antagonistically to achieve homeostasis

Answer 17

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 18

sympathetic nervous system (5 points)

Answer 18

• “fight or flight” and quick response
• increases blood flow to skeletal muscles
• increases heart rate
• inhibits digestion
• dilates pupils for far vision

Question 19

parasympathetic nervous system (4 points)

Answer 19

• “rest and digest” “feed and breed” and calmness
• increases blood flow to gut
• facilitates digestion
• constricts pupils for near vision

Question 20

what protects the central nervous system? (3 points)

Answer 20

• meninges (covering)
• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cushioning)
• ventricles: fluid - filled spaces

Question 21

what are meninges comprised of? (4 points)

Answer 21

1. ) dura mater
2. ) arachnoid mater
3. ) subarachnoid space
4. ) pia mater

Question 22

dura mater

Answer 22

thic, tough membrane

Question 23

arachnoid mater

Answer 23

thin fibrous membrane with trabeculate extending through the subarachnoid space to the pia mater

Question 24

subarachnoid space

Answer 24

filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 25

pia mater

Answer 25

delicate membrane that follows the cortical surface

Question 26

where is cerebrospinal fluid produced

Answer 26

choroid plexuses

Question 27

cerebrospinal fluid circulates in _______

Answer 27

ventricular system

Question 28

what are the functions of CSF? (3 points)

Answer 28

1. ) buoyancy and protection 2. ) chemical stability 3. ) clearing of waste

Question 29

Space Centric Directional Terminology

Answer 29

``` superior = above inferior = below anterior = before posterior = after ```

Question 30

Body Centric Directional Terminology

Answer 30

``` Dorsal = back Ventral = belly Rostral = nose Caudal = tail ```

Question 31

Near and Far

Answer 31

proximal and distal