Topic 5- DNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that carries the information needed to make a particular protein
What are chromosomes made of?
Long coiled molecules of DNA
Where is all of the genetic information held?
In chromosomes found within the nucleus of almost all boy cells
What are bases?
Chemicals that are contained in DNA molecules
What shape is a DNA molecule?
A double helix
How are the sides of the double helix held together?
By bases
How do the bases join up?
In complementary base pairs
What are the 4 different types of bases in DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What is the base indicated by G?
Guanine
What is the base indicated by T?
Thymine
What is the base indicated by C?
Cytosine
What is the base indicated by A?
Adenine
What are the complementary base pairs?
A only joins with T
C only joins with G
DNA is able to leave the nucleus of the cell
True or False?
False
The DNA never leaves the nucleus of the cell
Where are proteins made?
In the cytoplasm
How is DNA copied to make a protein?
The DNA is copied onto a messenger molecule which leaves the nucleus and is then used to make protein
What replaces thymine in mRNA?
Uracil
How many strands does mRNA have?
A single strand
Where does the mRNA go after copying the gene?
The cytoplasm
What happens to the mRNA in the cytoplasm?
It attaches onto a ribosome
Where is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What are proteins composed of?
Smaller molecules known as amino acids
Where are proteins found?
In every living organism
How many amino acids can be in a protein?
There can be 100s making up a chain
What does ribosomes need to make proteins?
The mRNA code
How do the ribosomes use the mRNA?
The ribosome moves along the mRNA and uses the code to determine which amino acids join together
What ultimately codes for the proteins?
DNA
What does the sequence of amino acids determine?
The sequence and structure of the protein chain eventually made
