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Biology > Topic 2- The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Topic 2- The Circulatory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Where does the blood with low oxygen go from the heart?

A

The lungs where it gets oxidised

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1
Q

What concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide does the blood which enters the heart from the body have?

A

Carbon dioxide= HIGH

Oxygen= LOW

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2
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood that comes from the lungs?

A

Carbon dioxide= HIGH

Oxygen= LOW

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3
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood go from the heart?

A

All around the body

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4
Q

What happens to the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood as it goes around the body?

A

The concentration of carbon dioxide increases and the concentration of oxygen decreases

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5
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

In the lungs and through the blood vessels

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6
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle

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7
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart in association with the blood vessels

A

The blood enters the right atria from the vena cava. It passes down into the right ventricle.
It is then pumped out to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
Blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. It enters the heart again into the left atria. The blood is pumped from the left atria to the left ventricle.
The blood is pumped out to the rest of the body along the aorta

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8
Q

What are the 3 valves in the heart?

A

Tricuspid valves
Bicuspid valves
Semi lunar valves

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9
Q

Where are the tricuspid valves?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

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10
Q

Where are the bicuspid valves?

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

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11
Q

Where are the semi lunar valves?

A

There are 2 of them between the ventricles and arteries leaving the heart

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12
Q

Why are valves there?

A

To prevent back flow of blood into the heart and ensures the blood only flows in one direction

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13
Q

Which side is there thicker muscle in the heart?

A

Around the left ventricle

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14
Q

Why is there a difference in muscle thickness in the different sides of the heart?

A

Due to the different functions, the left ventricle pumps blood all around the body whereas the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs

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15
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

The heart requires it’s own blood supply this is to ensure it obtains all the require nutrients and oxygen for muscular contract

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16
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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17
Q

What direction on arteries pump blood?

A

Away from the heart

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18
Q

In the arteries what is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

Oxygen= HIGH

Carbon dioxide=LOW

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19
Q

What is the purpose of arteries?

A

Gas exchange

20
Q

What is the blood pressure of arteries?

A

High

21
Q

What is the muscle thickness of arteries?

A

Thick

22
Q

How wide is the central channel of an artery?

A

Narrow

23
Q

What property does the inner walls have?

A

They are elastic

24
Q

Are there valves in arteries?

A

No

25
Q

Why do arteries have thick elastic walls?

A

To withstand high pressure

26
Q

What direction does the blood in the vein flow?

A

Towards the heart

27
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood in the veins?

A

Oxygen=LOW

Carbon dioxide=HIGH

28
Q

What is the purpose of veins?

A

To carry the deoxygenated blood back to the heart

29
Q

What is the pressure of the blood in the veins?

A

Low

30
Q

What is the muscle thickness of veins?

A

Thin

31
Q

How wide is the central channel of the veins?

A

Wide

32
Q

What are the properties of the vein walls?

A

Less elastic than arteries

33
Q

Are valves present in veins?

A

Yes to control direction of blood flow

34
Q

What direction do capillaries flow in?

A

Between the arteries and veins

35
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood in the capillaries?

A

Changing

36
Q

What is the purpose of the capillaries?

A

Carry oxygen and dissolved foods around the body

37
Q

What is the muscle thickness of the capillaries?

A

One cell thick

38
Q

How wide is the central channel?

A

Very narrow

39
Q

Are valves present in capillaries?

A

No

40
Q

Give 6 examples of substances transported in the blood

A
  • oxygen
  • ions
  • soluble food molecules
  • hormones
  • anti bodies
  • minerals
41
Q

What is the role of the red blood cell?

A

To transport oxygen and they are specialised to do this

42
Q

How many molecules of oxygen can haemoglobin carry?

A

4

43
Q

What does haemoglobin do?

A

Associates and dissociates with oxygen

44
Q

What is the word equation for the association and dissociation of oxygen with haemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin + oxygen
Association⬅️➡️ dissociation
Oxyhemoglobin

45
Q

When does haemoglobin associate with oxygen?

A

When there is a high oxygen concentration in its surroundings

46
Q

When does haemoglobin dissociate with oxygen?

A

When there is low oxygen concentration in its surroundings

47
Q

Describe where in the body haemoglobin associates and dissociates

A

In the lungs there is a high concentration of oxygen and the oxygen associates with haemoglobin and can be carried away in the blood stream to the body tissues which have a low concentration of oxygen so the haemoglobin dissociates

48
Q

Name 4 ways in which capillaries are efficient at gas exchange

A
  • the walls are one cell thick
  • capillaries are always very close to cells
  • there are a lot of capillaries
  • they have a large surface area

Biology (14 decks)

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