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Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology/ Pathology > Topic 5: Anterolateral System > Flashcards

Topic 5: Anterolateral System Flashcards

1
Q

mechano-nociceptors

chemo- nociceptors

thermo- nociceptors

A

the receptors that respond to mechanical damage tissue

the receptors that repond to chemicals released by pain stimuli

the receptors that respond to temperature that causes pain stimuli

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2
Q

Aδ fibers

A

afferent fibers that carry the information of mechanical & chemical stimuli (both pain & no pain stimuli) to brain

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3
Q

What does C fibers doesn’t have? How does this affect its conduction speed?

A

myelin sheath

lower speed

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4
Q

nociceptors

A

the receptors that respond to pain stimuli or noxious stimuli

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5
Q

What tract and fibers does 2nd pain follow?

A

spino-reticulo-thalamic & spinotectal tract

C fibers

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6
Q

C fibers

A

afferent fibers that carry information of thermal, mechanical & chemical stimuli to brain

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6
Q

What does 2nd pain can evoke?

A

fear, nausea, other autonomic and affective response

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7
Q

where is the Lissauer’s tract (posterolateral fasiculus) in this picture?

A

a & b

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8
Q

What tract & fibers does the first pain have?

A

neospinothalamic tract

Aδ fibers

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9
Q

What does Aδ fibers have? How does this affect its conduction speed?

A

small myelin sheath

faster speed

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10
Q

Of A fibers, where are the cell bodies in the 1st order neurons of AS? locate them in this picture?

A

6

dorsal ganglion root

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11
Q

Rexed’ s Laminae

How does the Roman Number works from dorsal -> ventral?

A

the division of spinal cord gray matter into different regions based on cell types

I -> IX

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12
Q

Of A fibers, Where and when does the pain axons bifurcate?What does it bifurcate into?

A

at the Lissauer’s tract and before making synaptic connections with 2nd order neurons

ascending & descending fibers

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13
Q

Is Lissauer’s tract white matter or grey matter?

A

white matters

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14
Q

True of False? Thermo-nociceptors dont respond until stimulus is painful?

A

true

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15
Q

Character of second pain?Examples?

A

duller or burning pain

poorly localized & not well tolerated

breaking bond or appendicitis

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16
Q

What are the systems of anterolateral system (AS)? Match each fiber to each system

A

Neospinothalamic system (A fiber)

Spino-reticulo- thalamic & spinotectal system (C fiber)

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17
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 2nd order neurons of A fibers?

A

Lamina I

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18
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 3rd order neuron Of A fibers,?

A

VPL thalamus

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19
Q

Of the A fibers, where does the pain axons trave through after the 1st order of neurons and what does they make synaptic with? In what # does this structured included?

A

through Lissauer’s tract

Lamina I

a& b

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20
Q

At lamina I, in what direction does the axons travel Of A fibers?

A

contralateral

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21
Q

Is anterolateral pathway grey matter or white matter?

A

white matter

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22
Q

Of A fibers, where do the cell bodies of 3rd order neurons make synaptic with?

A

somatosensory cortex

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23
Q

What neurons does the Lamina II activate?

A

Lamina V - VIII

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24
Q

Character of first pain? Example?

A

sharp pain but localized and tolerated

paper cut

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25
Q

What region of Rexed’s Laminae does the C fiber project mainly to? Identify it in this pic

A

Lamina II

b

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26
Q

Of A fibers, when do the axons travel in anterolateral pathway?

A

after they travel contralateral at lamina I

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27
Q

At Lamina VIII, in what direction does axons travel?

What fiber relating to Lamina VIII?

A

contralateral side of brain and follow anterolateral white matter pathways

C fibers

28
Q

Of A fibers, do the axons of 3rd order neurons terminate on the same or different neurons as DCML system?

A

they terminate on different neurons from DCML system

29
Q

what are the two systems of second sensory neurons?

A

spino-reticulo-thalamic system

spinotectal system

30
Q

Of C fibers, where does the axons of 2nd order neuron make synaptic with?

A

the brain areas relating to affective and autonomic responses but not the VPL thalamus in A fibers

31
Q

Function of spino-reticulo-thalamic system?

A

relaying & integrating nociceptive information contributing to motivational, affective and aversive response of pains

32
Q

Functions of spinotectal system

A

for orienting response (through superior colliculus)

descending modulation of pain (periaqueductal grey)

33
Q

In this figure, what fibe project mainly to #a ?

A

A fibers

34
Q

substantia gelatinosa

A

the gray matter in Lamina II

35
Q

What does the spinotectal system project to?

A

superior colliculus

periaqueductal grey

36
Q

Where does the spino-reticulo-thalamic system project to?

A

intralaminar thalamus

hypothalamus

reticular formation

37
Q

What is the reticular formation responsible for?

prefrontal cingulate insular cortices?

A

arousal

emotional (affective)

38
Q

Where are the terminal axons of 1st order neuron?

A

lamina I

39
Q

What does aspirin do and why does it reduce pain?

A

it block the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins

40
Q

what part of the cortex send input directly to PAG?

A

ACC

41
Q

Hyperalgesia. Example?

A

the increased response to pain stimuli

when you burned your finger and got a pin poke it, the already damaged area will response larger than undamaged area

42
Q

What is the substance that indirectly affect nociceptors?

A

arachidonic acid

43
Q

What is prononiceptive?

What pathway does this involve in?

A

the increases experience in pain

spino-reticulo-thalamic pathway

44
Q

What happen when we block or inhibit the actions of substances like histamin, serotonin, substance P, bradykinin?

A

we reduce pain

45
Q

What does MITN do?

A

send the direct pain inputs to amygdala & ACC

46
Q

What part of brain that stress activate?

A

LC

47
Q

function of ACC? MCC? dPCC?

A

emotional awareness/ fight or flight

mismatch error detection/ response selection

sensorimotor orientation

48
Q

What does SRD & LC do?

A

enhance the persistent pain

49
Q

What does MITN hyperexcitability result in?

A

allodynia/ hyperalgesia

50
Q

T/F: Pain and stress can’t be seperated?

A

True

51
Q

allodynia. Examples?

A

a painful response to innocuous stimuli

with your burn finger, you still feel pain when touch the cotton balls although they dont normally cause pain

52
Q

What does chronic pain associated with?

A

hyperexcitability of ACC & MITN

53
Q

What are the substances that directly excites/ affect nociceptors?

A

Histamin, ATP, H+, substance P, serotonin, brady kinin

54
Q

what is the target for relieving pain & suffering?

A

pACC

55
Q

What are the treatments for chronic pain?

A

treat adrenoreceptors

hypnosis

tMCS (transcranial motor cortex stimulation)

social interaction

manipulate object’s belief that they can control nociceptive stimulus & get reduced pain

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60
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61
Q

What does arachidonic acid convert to?How does the arachidonic acid affect nociceptors?

A

prostaglandins which block the K+ channel efflux and sensitize nociceptors, further depolarize them

62
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Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology/ Pathology (13 decks)

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