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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY LEC > TOPIC 4.1 - COMPARATIVE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

TOPIC 4.1 - COMPARATIVE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

This animal’s esophagus is voluntary as far as the base of the heart.

A

Horse

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2
Q

This animal’s esophagus is easily dilatable and voluntary throughout.

A

Ox/Sheep

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3
Q

This animal’s esophagus is voluntary until the last few inches near the cardia.

A

Pig

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4
Q

This animal’s esophagus is voluntary throughout and it is constricted ventrally at the origin by thick layer of mucous glands.

A

Dog

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5
Q

In dogs, their esophagus has ventral constriction called?

A

Isthmus esophagi

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6
Q

In horses, the average capacity of their stomach is?

A

3 gallons

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7
Q

In horse, the non-glandular is separated from glandular region by an irregular ridge called?

A

Margo plicatus

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8
Q

In horse, the non-glandular left extremity in the horse is called?

A

Saccus caecus

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9
Q

In pigs, the average capacity of their stomach is?

A

2 gallons

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10
Q

In pig, the left extremity of the stomach has a blind pouch called?

A

Diverticulum ventriculi

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11
Q

In pig, a prominence of fat and fibrous tissue projects into the pylorus from the wall of the lesser curvature called?

A

Torus pyloricus

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12
Q

This animal’s stomach is pear-shaped and distensible

A

Dog

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13
Q

In dogs, the average capacity of their stomach is?

A

4 pints

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14
Q

This stomach is compound compared to the stomach of other domestic animals

A

Ruminant Stomach

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15
Q

What are the four compartments or the ruminant stomach?

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
  4. Abomasum
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16
Q

True or False. In young calves/cattles, the omasum secretes rennin that curdles milk. Once mixed with milk, it solidifies.

A

False. Abomasum

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17
Q

This compartment in the ruminant is where the gastric glands are present.

A

Abomasum

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18
Q

The rumen, reticulum, and omasum are in fact dilation in the walls of the ____ ____.

A

Abdominal esophagus

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19
Q

Rumen, reticulum, and omasum are collectively termed as ?

A

Ventriculi

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20
Q

The mucous membrane of the interior of rumen, reticulum, and omasum is covered with what epithelium? (this type of epithelium makes them non-glandular)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

The esophagus of ruminants enters the stomach at an area known as the ?

A

Atrium ventriculi

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22
Q

The atrium ventriculi of ruminants is situated at the vertebral extremities of ___ and ___ ribs, slightly to the left of the mid-line.

A

8th and 9th

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23
Q

Rumen occupies most of the ___ half of the abdominal cavity from the ___ intercostals space to the ___ inlet.

A

left, 7th, pelvic

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24
Q

The mucous membrane of rumen vary in form. What are the variations?

A
  1. Foliate
  2. Filiform
  3. Club-shaped
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25
Q

The most anterior and smallest of the non-glandular stomach of ruminants.

A

Reticulum

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26
Q

The greater part of reticulum lies on the ___ side of the median plane opposite to ribs ___, ___, and ___.

A

left, 6,7,8

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27
Q

The mucous membrane of the interior of reticulum is thrown into ridges, hence, forming what appearance?

A

Honeycomb appearance

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28
Q

Omasum of ruminants lies chiefly on the ___ side of the mid-line from the ___ to ___ ribs.

A

right, 7th, 11th

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29
Q

This compartment of ruminant is an elongated sac which lies chiefly on the abdominal floor.

A

Abomasum

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30
Q

The anterior end or fundus of abomasum is in the ___ region.

A

xiphoid (caudal portion of sternum)

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31
Q

The reticulum functions as a fermentation trap for the digestion of herbivorous foods. True or False?

A

False, rumen.

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32
Q

In order for liquids such as milk to be carried to the omasum and hence to the glandular stomach without having to go through the rumen, or other proventriculi, this form a channel which is continues with esophagus.

A

Two muscular lips/Esophageal groove

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33
Q

The esophageal groove begins at what part of the ruminant’s stomach.

A

Cardia

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34
Q

The esophageal groove of ruminants passes ventrally on the medial wall of the ___ and ___.

A

Atrium and reticulum

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35
Q

The esophageal groove of ruminants ends at the ?

A

Reticulo-omasal orifice

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36
Q

In calves, omasal groove is present. True or False?

A

True

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37
Q

The esophageal groove has a spiral course of what patterm?

A

B - backwards
O - outwards
D - downwards
F - forwards
I - inwards

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38
Q

What is the length of small intestine in horse?

A

70 feet

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39
Q

In horse, about 6 inches from the pylorus, the duodenum has a pouch called?

A

Diverticulum duodeni

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40
Q

The ___ ___ and ___ ___ open in the diverticulum duodeni of horse.

A

Ventral pancreatic, hepatic ducts

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41
Q

In horse, the dorsal or accessory pancreatic duct opens on small papilla opposite the diverticulum. True or False?

A

True

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42
Q

What is the length of ox’s small intestine?

A

130 feet

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43
Q

In ox, duodenum commences with a ?

A

Sigmoid flexure

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44
Q

There is a presence of ventral pancreatic duct in ox. True or False?

A

False

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45
Q

In ox, the bile duct opens in the dorsal part of the small intestine. True or False?

A

False, ventral part

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46
Q

What is the length of small intestine of sheep and goat?

A

80 feet

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47
Q

In sheep/goat, the bile duct is joined by the ventral pancreatic duct and dorsal pancreatic duct to form a common bile duct. True or False?

A

False, they have no dorsal/accessory pancreatic duct.

48
Q

In sheep/goat, there is no accessory pancreatic duct. True or False?

A

True

49
Q

In sheep/goat, the common bile duct opens into the duodenum about ___ from the pylorus.

A

1 foot

50
Q

What is the length of small intestine of pig?

A

60 feet

51
Q

In pig, bile duct opens how many inches from pylorus?

A

2 inches

52
Q

How many pancreatic duct are there in pigs?

A

Just 1

53
Q

In pigs, a single pancreatic duct opens how many inches beyond the pylorus?

A

5 inches

54
Q

What is the length of small intestine of pig?

A

13 feet

55
Q

In dogs, bile duct and pancreatic duct open how many inches beyond pylorus?

A

2 inches

56
Q

In dogs, the dorsal pancreatic duct opens 2 inches further back. True or False?

A

True

57
Q

In horse’s large intestine, this segment is a blind and comma-shaped sac.

A

Caecum

58
Q

What is the length of caecum in horse?

A

4 feet

59
Q

Caecum in horse has how many taenia and haustra?

A

4 each

60
Q

What is the length of colon in horse?

A

10 feet

61
Q

Give the 4 parts of large colon of horse and their specific location.

A
  1. Right ventral colon - ventral diaphragmatic flexure
  2. Left ventral colon - pelvic flexure
  3. Left dorsal colon - dorsal diaphragmatic flexure
  4. Right dorsal colon - transverse colon
62
Q

Large colon in horse commences at the base of the ___ and terminates under the ___ kidney by becoming small colon.

A

caecum, left

63
Q

Small colon in horse commence at the termination of the ___ ___ behind the ___ ___ of the stomach and is continued at the ___ ___ as rectum.

A

large colon, saccus caecus, pelvic inlet

64
Q

Small colon in horse is approximately how many feet in length and how many inches in diameter?

A

12 feet, 4 inches

65
Q

Small colon in horse has how many taenia and hausta?

A

2 each

66
Q

In horse, at the rectum’s termination, it has a flask-shaped dilation called?

A

Ampulla recti

67
Q

In ox and sheep, there are 2 taenias and haustras. True or False?

A

False, no presence of taenia and haustra.

68
Q

What are the two parts of colon in ox/sheep? Give their other term too.

A
  1. Ansa spiralis
  2. Ansa distalis
69
Q

Spiral portion of the colon of ox/sheep is arranged against the ___ flank in double elliptical coils between the ___.

A

right, mesentery

70
Q

The elliptical coils of the colon of ox/sheep are alternatively ____ and ____.

A

Centripetal and centrifugal

71
Q

Centripetal means?

A

Into the interior or toward the center

72
Q

Centrifugal means?

A

To the exterior or away from the center

73
Q

Same as horse, ox and sheep has ampulla in the rectum. True or False?

A

False, no ampulla.

74
Q

The caecum of ox and sheep is in what shape ?

A

Cylindrical

75
Q

Caecum in horse and sheep is situated at the ___ side.

A

Left

76
Q

How many taenias in colon are there in ox/sheep?

A

3

77
Q

In this animal, the caecum has a spiral twist and is small and finger-like.

A

Ox/sheep

78
Q

This animal’s liver has no gallbladder.

A

Horse

79
Q

This animal’s liver is not divided into lobes.

A

Ox

80
Q

This animal’s liver has caudate process visible from parietal surface.

A

Ox

81
Q

In sheep’s liver, its caudate process is visible from parietal surface. True or False?

A

False

82
Q

This animal’s liver’s parenchyma has a morocco leather appearance.

A

Pig

83
Q

Pig’s liver is well-divided into 4 main lobes. True or False?

A

True

84
Q

In this animal’s liver, caudal vena cava is embedded in the parenchyma.

A

Pig

85
Q

In pigs, gallbladder makes impression on liver. True or False?

A

False, gallbladder is sunk in a fossa

86
Q

This animal’s spleen is triangular in shape has suspensory ligament.

A

Horse

87
Q

This animal’s spleen is elongated with thin rounded extremities.

A

Ox

88
Q

This animal’s spleen has short hilus and has no suspensory ligament.

A

Ox

89
Q

This animal’s spleen is the same with ox but triangular in shape.

A

Sheep

90
Q

This animal’s spleen is strap-like and has long hilus.

A

Pig

91
Q

This animal’s spleen is in falciform-shaped, long, narrow, and has hilus that is in longitudinal ridge.

A

Dog

92
Q

This animal’s pancreas has dorsal and ventral ducts.

A

Horse

93
Q

In horse’s pancreas, ventral duct and dorsal duct are the same size. True or False?

A

False, ventral duct is larger

94
Q

This animal’s pancreas in quadrilateral in shape and has only dorsal duct which enters the duodenum one foot after the bile duct.

A

Ox

95
Q

This animal’s pancreas has only ventral duct and unites with hepatic duct and enters duodenum as common bile duct.

A

Sheep

96
Q

This animal’s pancreas is triradiate in shape and has a single duct.

A

Pig

97
Q

This animal’s pancreas has right and left branches and has two ducts present.

A

Dog

98
Q

Dog’s pancreas are comprised of right and left branches which meet at ___ angle behind ___.

A

acute, pylorus

99
Q

This animal’s soft palate is long, precluding oral breathing and vomiting.

A

Horse

100
Q

Horse’s tonsil is diffused being situated in ? (Hint: 3 answers)

A
  1. Sinus
  2. Root of tongue
  3. Soft palate
101
Q

This animal’s soft palate is bean-shaped circumscribed tonsil in sinus.

A

Ox/sheep

102
Q

This animal’s soft palate has small median prolongatic termed the uvula.

A

Pig

103
Q

The three tonsils of soft palate of the pigs is situated in ?

A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Soft palate
  3. Sinus
104
Q

This animal’s soft palate is fusiform-shaped.

A

Dog

105
Q

This animal’s hard palate is divided into 2 equal portion by the central raphe.

A

Horse

106
Q

This animal’s hard palate has rugae that extends only 2/3 of the length of palate.

A

Ox

107
Q

In horse, the palatine ridges only extends 1/3 of the hard palate. True or False?

A

False, extends from start to caudal.

108
Q

Last few rugae of the hard palate of this animal are serrated on their free borders.

A

Ox

109
Q

This animal’s hard palate rugae is not serrated thus distinguishing it from ox.

A

Sheep

110
Q

In sheep’s hard palate, the opening of nasopalatine ducts form a prominent ___ on either side of the ___ ___ ___.

A

V, central incisive papilla

111
Q

This animal’s hard palate is long and narrow and equal in width throughout.

A

Pig

112
Q

This animal’s hard palate has both rugae and media raphe well marked.

A

Pig

113
Q

This animal’s hard palate has incisive papilla that is prominent anteriorly/

A

Pig

114
Q

The median raphe of this animal’s hard palate is replaced by a ridge.

A

Dog

115
Q

The hard palate of dog is widest at about the ___ cheek tooth.

A

4th

116
Q

This animal’s hard palate is in triangular orientatio.

A

Dog

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY LEC (8 decks)

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