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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY LEC > TOPIC 2 - COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY > Flashcards

TOPIC 2 - COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

In horse, the rostral half of the skull is formed by what bone?

A

Frontal bone

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2
Q

In horse, is there a presence of upper incisor?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Horse has complete bony orbit. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of pointed and slender nasal bone.

A

Horse

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5
Q

This animal’s skull has absence of upper incisors.

A

Sheep
Goat
Cattle

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6
Q

This animal’s skull frontal bone forms the entire calvaria or roof of skull.

A

Ox/Cattle

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7
Q

This animal’s skull has broader rostral end of nasal bone.

A

Ox/Cattle

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8
Q

Cattle has incomplete bony orbit. True or False?

A

False

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9
Q

Other term for horn

A

Cornual process

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10
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of deeply concaved maxilla.

A

Pig

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11
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of concave surface or outline extending from the frontal up to the nasal bone.

A

Pig

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12
Q

Horse, cattle, and pig has complete bony orbit. True or False?

A

False, pig has incomplete bony orbit.

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13
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of convex maxillary surface.

A

Sheep

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14
Q

Sheep has complete bony orbit. True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

Sheep, cattle, goat, and giraffe have dental pads. True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of elongated nasal bone and maxilla.

A

Dog

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17
Q

This animal’s skull has narrow cranial vault or calvaria of the skull.

A

Dog

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18
Q

Dog has incomplete bony orbit. True or False?

A

True

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19
Q

This animal’s skull has shorter nasal bone and maxilla.

A

Cat

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20
Q

This animal’s skull has broader calvaria or cranial vault.

A

Cat

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21
Q

Cranial vault in cat and dogs are formed by what bones?

A

Parietal and frontal bones.

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22
Q

Same as pig, dog, and giraffe, cat has incomplete bony orbit. True or False.

A

False, giraffe has complete bony orbit.

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23
Q

Give the vertebral formula of horse.

A

C7 - T18 - L6 - S5 - CD15-20

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24
Q

Give the vertebral formula of ox/cattle.

A

C7 - T13 - L6 - S5 - CD18-20

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25
Q

Give the vertebral formula of sheep.

A

C7 - T13 - L6-7 - S4 - CD16-18

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26
Q

Give the vertebral formula of pig.

A

C7 - T14-15 - L6-7 - S4 - CD20-23

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27
Q

Give the vertebral formula of goat.

A

C7 - T13 - L7 - S4 - CD12

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28
Q

Give the vertebral formula of dog.

A

C7 - T13 - L7 - S3 - CD20-23

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29
Q

Give the vertebral formula of cat.

A

C7 - T13 - L7 - S3 - CD20-23

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30
Q

Give the vertebral formula of chicken.

A

C14 - T7 - LSV14 - CD6

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31
Q

The 6 caudal vertebra of chicken is also called as?

A

Pygostyle

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32
Q

Lumbo-sacral mass is composed of how many vertebrae?

A

16

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33
Q

In lumbo-sacral mass of chicken, what vertebra is/are fused to it?

A

Last thoracic
First caudal vertebra

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34
Q

What are the two extremities of ribs?

A
  1. Sternal
  2. Vertebral
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35
Q

The vertebral extremity of ribs presents the ___, ___, and ___.

A

Head, neck, and tubercle.

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36
Q

As a rule, there is always one more pair of sternal ribs than there are in ___.

A

Sternebrae (sternal segments)

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37
Q

The ___ of a rib articulates with body of vertebrae of same serial number and that of the one in front.

A

Head

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38
Q

Give the rib pairs, sternal, asternal, and sternebrae of horse.

A

R18 - S8 - AS10 - SN7

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38
Q

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the ___ ___ of the vertebra of the same serial number.

A

Transverse process

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39
Q

Give the rib pairs, sternal, asternal, and sternebrae of ox/cattle.

A

R13 - S8 - A5 - SN7

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40
Q

Give the rib pairs, sternal, asternal, and sternebrae of sheep.

A

R13 - S8 - A5 - SN7

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41
Q

Give the rib pairs, sternal, asternal, and sternebrae of pig.

A

R14 - S7 - A7 - SN6

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42
Q

Give the rib pairs, sternal, asternall, and sternebrae of dog.

A

R13 - S9 - A4 - SN8

43
Q

Ribs is an aberrant (abnormal) long bone with form the lateral wall of ___; it articulates dorsally with ____ ____; ventrally with ____.

A

thorax, thoracic vertebra, sternum

44
Q

This animal has ribs that are narrow shaft and strongly curved in dorsal third.

A

Horse

45
Q

This animal’s ribs are wide, flat shaft, and log neck.

A

Ox/Cattle

46
Q

This animal’s ribs has narrow shaft with distinct angle.

A

Pig

47
Q

This animal’s ribs has cylindrical shaft.

A

Dog

48
Q

This animal’s scapula’s spine fades out distally and has trapezius tubercle.

A

Horse

49
Q

This animal’s scapula has spine that extends to dorsal border and distinctly triangular.

A

Cattle/ox/sheep

50
Q

This animal’s scapula has prominent trapezius tubercle that overhangs to infraspinous fossa.

A

Pig

51
Q

This animal’s scapula has spine that bisects laterally and has distinct acromion.

A

Dog

52
Q

Other term for humerus

A

Clod bone

53
Q

In determining the side and proximity of scapula, spine is ____ and tuber scapulae are ____.

A

Lateral, anterior

54
Q

In determining the side and proximity of humerus, crest is ____ and head is ____.

A

Lateral, posterior

55
Q

The humerus of this animal has bicipital groove opposite the humeral head and is divided by a ridge.

A

Horse

56
Q

The humerus of this animal has massive lateral tuberosity which overhangs bicipital groove.

A

Ox/cattle

57
Q

The humerus of this animal has lateral tuberosity that almost converts bicipital groove into foramen.

A

Pig

58
Q

The humerus of this animal has single lateral tuberosity and at distal end.

A

Dog

59
Q

The humerus of this animal has supratrochlear foramen in which the coracoid and olecranon fossa communicate through.

A

Dog

60
Q

Radius and ulna are two long bones forming the skeleton of ____.

A

Forearm

61
Q

The ulna of this animal is fused 2/3 of the way down of the shaft of the radius.

A

Horse

62
Q

The ulna of this animal is complete and projects or extends distally up to the end of the radius.

A

Ox/cattle

63
Q

The ulna of this animal is extremely slender and not necessarily fused with radius.

A

Sheep

64
Q

The ulna of this animal is massive and articulates with radius and ulnar carpal.

A

Pig

65
Q

The ulna of this dog is never fused and has 3 distinct prominences at proximal end.

A

Dog

66
Q

The 3 distinct prominences of the ulna in dog is called as?

A

Trituberculate summit

67
Q

The left and right forms the pelvic girdle but “bony pelvis” is made up of ____, ____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

Pelvic girdle, sacrum, 1st and 2nd c.d vertebrae.

68
Q

Os coxae is the 2 sides of pelvic girdle. True or False?

A

False, os coxae occupies 1 side only.

69
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal has gluteal line in the wing of ilium.

A

Horse

70
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal has 3 distinct prominences on sciatic tuber.

A

Ox/cattle

71
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal has wide obturator foramen and sharp medial border.

A

Ox/cattle

72
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal is same with ox, but smaller and slender.

A

Sheep

73
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal has wing of ilium divided into 2 fossae by distinct gluteal line.

A

Pig

74
Q

The pelvic girdle of this animal has wing of ilium distinctly concave.

A

Dog

75
Q

It forms the bone of thigh.

A

Femur

76
Q

Femur articulates proximally with ___ and distally with ___ and ___.

A

Os coxae, tibia and fibula

77
Q

In determining the side and proximity of femur, head is ____ and trochlea is ____ and ____.

A

Medial, distal and anterior

78
Q

The femur of this animal has presence of 3 trochanters.

A

Horse

79
Q

The femur of this animal has less prominent trochanters.

A

Ox

80
Q

The femur of this animal is the same with ox, but smaller and slender.

A

Sheep

81
Q

The femur of this animal is characteristically smaller than horse and ox but has massive shaft.

A

Pig

82
Q

The femur of this animal has size and outline that are similar to sheep but more slender.

A

Dog

83
Q

Fibula is also called as ?

A

Brooch bone

84
Q

Only the head and shaft of fibula is well-developed in this animal.

A

Horse

85
Q

The fibula of this animal is complete and marked by presence of lateral malleolus.

A

Ox

86
Q

In this animal, the tibial crest is long and distinct.

A

Pig

87
Q

In this animal, the tibial crest is prominent and marked with impression.

A

Dog

88
Q

Other term for radial carpal

A

Scaphoid

89
Q

Other term for ulnar carpal

A

Triquetrum

90
Q

Other term for accessory carpal

A

Pisiforme

91
Q

Other term for carpal 1

A

Trapezium

92
Q

Other term for carpal 2

A

Trapezoideum

93
Q

Other term for carpal 3

A

Os capitatum

94
Q

Other term for carpal 4

A

Os hamatum

95
Q

Other term for tibial tarsal

A

Talus

96
Q

Other term for fibular tarsal

A

Calcaneus

97
Q

Other term for central tarsal

A

Navicular

98
Q

Other term for tarsal 1

A

Os cuneiform mediale

99
Q

Other term for tarsal 2

A

Os cuneiform intermedium

100
Q

Other term for tarsal 3

A

Os cuneiform laterale

101
Q

Other term for tarsal 4

A

Os cuboideum

102
Q

This animal’s skull has presence of 2 big anterior nares or nostrils.

A

Chicken

103
Q

At the junction of mandible and skull of chicken, there is a presence of ____.

A

Quadrate bone

104
Q

It is a square-shaped bone that allows extensive opening of mouth in chicken and birds.

A

Quadrate bone

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY LEC (8 decks)

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