Topic 4: Plant cells Flashcards
Plant cells always always have… (7 things)
- Cell surface membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
The extra parts found ONLY in plant cells are: (8 parts)
NOTE: “extra parts” means parts that a plant cell can have, so not all plant cells have that part
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
- amyloplasts
- large central vacuole
- tonoplast
- plasmodesmata
- pits
- middle lamella
Name ALL the parts of a plant cell (18 parts)
- Mitochondrion (Singular noun for mitochondria)
- Ribosome
- Chloroplast
- Cell membrane
- Large vacuole
- Tonoplast
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Amyloplast
- Pit
- Plasmodesma (singular) / plasmodesmata (plural)
- Middle lamella
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
- Golgi apparatus
NOTE: same parts from the flashcards “plant cells have” & “extra parts of plant cells” + nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane
Give a description of a chloroplast (2 points)
- Surrounded by a double membrane
2. Contains thylakoid membranes and stome
Explain the function of a chloroplast (2 points)
- Site of photosynthesis
2. Uses carbon dioxide and water to make carbohydrate, and releases oxygen.
Give a description of an amyloplast (2 points)
- Contains starch grains
2. Enclosed by a membrane
What is the function of an amyloplast? (1 point)
- Stores starch (amylopectin)
Give a description of the vacuole (1 point)
- Large central space filled with cell sap (solution of sugars and salts)
What is the function of the vacuole? (2 points)
- Solution causes water to enter by osmosis to keep the cell turgid for support
- Storage (e.g. betalains in beetroot)
Give a description of the tonoplast (1 point)
- Membrane around the vacuole
What is the function of a tonoplast? (1 point)
- Separates the cell sap from the cytoplasm
Give a description of the cell wall (2 points)
- Made of cellulose microfibrils,
2. laid down at angles in a matrix of pectins and hemicelluloses
What is the function of the cell wall? (2 points)
- Strength and support for the cell
2. Prevents cell bursting when turgid
Give a description of the middle lamella (2 points)
- Found between adjacent cell walls.
2. Made of pectin (a polysaccharide)
What is the function of the middle lamella? (1 point)
- Holds the cell walls of adjacent cells together
Give a description of the plasmodesmata (1 point)
- Channels of cytoplasm which join neighbouring cells
What is the function of the plasmodesmata? (2 points)
- Allow substances to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to another (transport),
- and allow communication between cells.
Give a description of the pits (1 point)
- Pores in plant cell wall (often found in lignified cell walls)
What is the function of the pits? (1 point)
- Allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another
Label the chloroplast (on flashcard)
- Outer membrane
- Inner membrane
- Granum (thylakoids)
- Stroma
- Ribosomes
- Starch grain
- Lipid droplet
NOTE: Like mitochondria, chloroplasts contain their own DNA
The 3 organelles in plant cells that have a double membrane are… (name 3)
Everything else has single membranes.
- Nucleus
- Mitochondrion
- Chloroplast
Key Summary: What are the similarities of the structure of animal and plant cells? (6 things)
They both have:
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi body
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Mitochondria
Key Summary: What are the differences of the structure of animal and plant cells? (3 points)
- Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not
- Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, animal cells do not
- Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells do not
NOTE: Not vacuole, as animal cells can have small temporary vacuoles – if you need to use vacuole: plant cells have large, central, permanent vacuoles, animal cells have small, temporary vacuoles.
NOTE: plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells (nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes associated with histones).
