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Biology > Topic 4: Plant cells > Flashcards

Topic 4: Plant cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plant cells always always have… (7 things)

A
  1. Cell surface membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
  4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
  5. Golgi apparatus
  6. Mitochondria
  7. Lysosomes
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2
Q

The extra parts found ONLY in plant cells are: (8 parts)

NOTE: “extra parts” means parts that a plant cell can have, so not all plant cells have that part

A
  1. cell wall
  2. chloroplasts
  3. amyloplasts
  4. large central vacuole
  5. tonoplast
  6. plasmodesmata
  7. pits
  8. middle lamella
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3
Q

Name ALL the parts of a plant cell (18 parts)

A
  1. Mitochondrion (Singular noun for mitochondria)
  2. Ribosome
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Cell membrane
  5. Large vacuole
  6. Tonoplast
  7. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  8. Amyloplast
  9. Pit
  10. Plasmodesma (singular) / plasmodesmata (plural)
  11. Middle lamella
  12. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  13. Nucleus
  14. Nucleolus
  15. Nuclear membrane
  16. Cytoplasm
  17. Cell wall
  18. Golgi apparatus

NOTE: same parts from the flashcards “plant cells have” & “extra parts of plant cells” + nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane

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4
Q

Give a description of a chloroplast (2 points)

A
  1. Surrounded by a double membrane

2. Contains thylakoid membranes and stome

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5
Q

Explain the function of a chloroplast (2 points)

A
  1. Site of photosynthesis

2. Uses carbon dioxide and water to make carbohydrate, and releases oxygen.

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6
Q

Give a description of an amyloplast (2 points)

A
  1. Contains starch grains

2. Enclosed by a membrane

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7
Q

What is the function of an amyloplast? (1 point)

A
  1. Stores starch (amylopectin)
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8
Q

Give a description of the vacuole (1 point)

A
  1. Large central space filled with cell sap (solution of sugars and salts)
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9
Q

What is the function of the vacuole? (2 points)

A
  1. Solution causes water to enter by osmosis to keep the cell turgid for support
  2. Storage (e.g. betalains in beetroot)
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10
Q

Give a description of the tonoplast (1 point)

A
  1. Membrane around the vacuole
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11
Q

What is the function of a tonoplast? (1 point)

A
  1. Separates the cell sap from the cytoplasm
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12
Q

Give a description of the cell wall (2 points)

A
  1. Made of cellulose microfibrils,

2. laid down at angles in a matrix of pectins and hemicelluloses

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell wall? (2 points)

A
  1. Strength and support for the cell

2. Prevents cell bursting when turgid

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14
Q

Give a description of the middle lamella (2 points)

A
  1. Found between adjacent cell walls.

2. Made of pectin (a polysaccharide)

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15
Q

What is the function of the middle lamella? (1 point)

A
  1. Holds the cell walls of adjacent cells together
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16
Q

Give a description of the plasmodesmata (1 point)

A
  1. Channels of cytoplasm which join neighbouring cells
17
Q

What is the function of the plasmodesmata? (2 points)

A
  1. Allow substances to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to another (transport),
  2. and allow communication between cells.
18
Q

Give a description of the pits (1 point)

A
  1. Pores in plant cell wall (often found in lignified cell walls)
19
Q

What is the function of the pits? (1 point)

A
  1. Allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another
20
Q

Label the chloroplast (on flashcard)

A
  1. Outer membrane
  2. Inner membrane
  3. Granum (thylakoids)
  4. Stroma
  5. Ribosomes
  6. Starch grain
  7. Lipid droplet

NOTE: Like mitochondria, chloroplasts contain their own DNA

21
Q

The 3 organelles in plant cells that have a double membrane are… (name 3)

Everything else has single membranes.

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Mitochondrion
  3. Chloroplast
22
Q

Key Summary: What are the similarities of the structure of animal and plant cells? (6 things)

A

They both have:

  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Golgi body
  4. Rough ER
  5. Smooth ER
  6. Mitochondria
23
Q

Key Summary: What are the differences of the structure of animal and plant cells? (3 points)

A
  1. Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not
  2. Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, animal cells do not
  3. Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells do not

NOTE: Not vacuole, as animal cells can have small temporary vacuoles – if you need to use vacuole: plant cells have large, central, permanent vacuoles, animal cells have small, temporary vacuoles.

NOTE: plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells (nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes associated with histones).

Biology (95 decks)

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