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Biology > Topic 1: Blood vessels > Flashcards

Topic 1: Blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all the {structures/properties} of the artery

8 parts

A
  1. Outer collagen coat / connective tissue
  2. Thick smooth muscle layer
  3. Thick elastic fibre layer
  4. Thick wall
  5. Smooth endothelium
  6. Folded endothelium
  7. Narrow lumen
  8. No valves
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2
Q

Why does an artery have an outer collagen coat / connective tissue?
(2 points)

A
  1. Strength to WITHSTAND increased blood pressure

2. and prevent artery bursting

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3
Q

Why does an artery have a thick smooth muscle cell layer?

2 points

A
  1. Muscle contraction constricts the artery, this is vasoconstriction, to control blood flow
  2. and MAINTAIN high pressure
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4
Q

Why does an artery have a thick elastic fibre layer?

2 points

A
  1. Allow the artery to stretch (as the blood pressure is high), then recoil to push the blood forward
  2. and MAINTAIN high blood pressure
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5
Q

Why does an artery have a thick wall?

1 point

A
  1. To WITHSTAND the high blood pressure
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6
Q

Why does an {artery/vein} have a smooth endothelium?

1 point

A
  1. Reduces resistance to blood flow
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7
Q

Why does an artery have a folded endothelium?

1 point

A
  1. Stretches to accommodate blood
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8
Q

Why does an artery have a narrow lumen?

1 point

A
  1. To MAINTAIN high blood pressure
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9
Q

Why does an artery have no valves?

1 point

A
  1. Not needed, blood is forced forward by heart contraction and elastic recoil
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10
Q

Name all the {structures/properties} of the vein

6 parts

A
  1. Outer collagen coat
  2. Thin smooth muscle cell layer
  3. Thin elastic fibre layer
  4. Smooth endothelium
  5. Wide lumen
  6. Valves
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11
Q

Why does a vein have an outer collagen coat?

1 point

A
  1. For strength
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12
Q

Why does a vein have a thin muscle cell layer?

1 point

A
  1. Less contraction to constrict vein
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13
Q

Why does a vein have a thin elastic fibre layer?

1 point

A
  1. Less elastic recoil, as blood is moved by skeletal muscle contraction
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14
Q

Why does a vein have a wide lumen?

3 points

A
  1. Reduces friction between walls and blood
  2. prevents low pressure blood slowing down
  3. Vein may be easier to squeeze between skeletal muscles (along with thin walls)
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15
Q

Why does a vein have valves?

1 point

A
  1. Prevents backflow of blood
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16
Q

Name all the {structures/properties} of the capillary

3 parts

A
  1. Capillary wall (endothelium) is THIN - one cell thick and flattened cells
  2. Have tiny PORES (holes) in walls
  3. Very NARROW lumen
17
Q

Why is the capillary wall thin, one cell thick, and made of flattened cells?
(1 point)

A
  1. SHORTER DIFFUSION DISTANCE - helps exchange of dissolved substances between the blood and {tissue fluid/cells}
18
Q

Why does a capillary have tiny pores (holes) in walls?

1 point

A
  1. To allow the passage of materials through the wall, aiding formation of tissue fluid
19
Q

Why does a capillary have a very narrow lumen?

2 points

A
  1. Slows down the flow of blood - allows time for exchange for oxygen etc. between blood and cells to take place more efficiently.
  2. Walls of red blood cells are in contact with the wall of the capillary, reducing distance for oxygen to enter cells
20
Q

Also capillaries are numerous – creates a large ________ _____
for gas exchange. Every cell is close to a capillary.

A

surface area

21
Q

What are the structural DIFFERENCES between an artery and a vein?
(3 points)

A
  1. Artery has a narrowER lumen
  2. artery has a thickER wall - {more/thicker} layer of elastic fibres and more smooth muscle
  3. artery does not have valves, veins do
22
Q

What are the structural SIMILARITIES between artery and vein?
(4 points)

A

Both have:
1. {connective tissue/collagen outer wall}

  1. elastic fibres
  2. smooth muscle
  3. endothelium
23
Q

What are the key features of an artery?

5 features

A
  1. carry blood under high pressure, so no valves needed
  2. divide into smaller vessels called arterioles, then capillaries
  3. blood in most arteries is oxygenated (not pulmonary)
  4. carry blood away from the heart to body cells
  5. a pulse, due to stretch and recoil, can be felt in arteries
24
Q

What are the key features of a vein?

5 features

A
  1. carry blood under very low pressure
  2. have valves to prevent backflow of blood
  3. formed when smaller vessels called venules combine
  4. blood in most veins is deoxygenated (not pulmonary)
  5. carry blood to the heart from body cells
25
Q

What are the key features of a capillary?

5 features

A
  1. carry blood under low pressure, but not as low as veins
  2. no valves
  3. walls have pores
  4. oxygen and carbon dioxide (and other substances) are exchanged with {body cells/tissue fluid}
  5. pass close to every body cell
26
Q

During systole (heart contraction):
blood is forced into the ________ and __________ artery.
elastic fibres in the artery wall ________.
the narrow lumen becomes ______ to accommodate increased blood.

During diastole (heart relaxation):
elastic fibres in the artery \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  which helps to push blood forward.
lumen returns to original diameter.

We can feel the continuous stretching and recoil of arteries as the ______.

A

aorta

pulmonary

stretch

wider

recoil

pulse

27
Q

Do arteries carry blood under high or low pressure? (1 point)

A
  1. High
28
Q

Where do coronary arteries carry blood to? (1 point)

A
  1. Heart muscle tissue
29
Q

Where in the body can a pulse be felt in arteries? (2 points)

A
  1. Wrist

2. Neck

30
Q

Name the smaller vessels that arteries divide to form (before capillaries) (1 point)

A
  1. Arterioles
31
Q

Place the following blood vessels in order, in terms of the blood pressure inside them. Start with the vessel in which the pressure is highest.

Lung capillary

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Pulmonary artery
  3. Lung capillary
  4. Pulmonary vein
32
Q

Does the aorta carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the aorta carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. Yes

1. Yes

33
Q

Does the coronary vein carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the coronary vein carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. No

1. No

34
Q

Does the pulmonary artery carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. Yes

1. No

35
Q

Does the coronary artery carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the coronary artery carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. Yes

1. Yes

36
Q

Does the pulmonary vein carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. No

1. Yes

37
Q

Does the vena cava carry blood away from the heart? (1 point)

Does the vena cava carry oxygenated blood? (1 point)

A
  1. No

1. No

Biology (95 decks)

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