Topic 3: Cell structure and EM images Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 1 type of prokaryotic cells (1 type)

A
  1. Bacteria
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2
Q

Name the 4 types of eukaryotic cells (4 types)

A
  1. Animal cells
  2. Plant cells
  3. Fungi (e.g. yeast)
  4. Protoctists (e.g. Amoeba)
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3
Q

Name all the parts of a prokaryotic cell

10 parts

A
  1. Mesosome
  2. Plasmid
  3. Slime capsule
  4. Pilli
  5. Flagellum
  6. Ribosome
  7. {Circular DNA/circular chromosome}
  8. Cell membrane
  9. Cell wall
  10. Cytoplasm
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4
Q

What is the mesosome? (1 point)

Function of mesosome? (1 point)

A
  1. Infolding of cell surface membrane

1. Site of respiration

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5
Q

What is a plasmid? (1 point)

A
  1. A small circle of DNA
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6
Q

What is the slime capsule? (1 point)

Purpose? (2 points)

A
  1. Slimy layer on surface of cell
  2. for protection
  3. and to prevent dehydration.
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7
Q

What are pili? (1 point)

Purpose? (1 point)

A
  1. Thin, protein tubes

1. allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces.

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8
Q

What is a flagellum? (1 point)

Purpose? (1 point)

A
  1. Hollow cylindrical thread-like structure

1. rotates to move the cell

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9
Q

Function of ribosome? (1 point)

A
  1. Protein synthesis
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10
Q

Function of {circular DNA/circular chromosome}? (1 point)

A
  1. carries genetic material
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11
Q

Function of cell membrane? (1 point)

A
  1. regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell
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12
Q

What does the cell wall contain? (1 point)

A
  1. Contains peptidoglycan, a type of polysaccharide and polypeptide combined.
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13
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall? (1 point)

A
  1. provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress
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14
Q

What takes place in the cytoplasm? (1 point)

A
  1. Chemical reactions
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15
Q

What do prokaryotic cell not have?

6 things

A
  1. True nucleus
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  5. Chloroplasts
  6. Golgi apparatus
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16
Q

What to prokaryotic cells always have?

5 things

A
  1. Cell wall (made of peptidoglycan, the cell walls of plants are made of cellulose microfibrils)
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Cell surface membrane
  5. {Circular chromosome/circular DNA} (free in cytoplasm)
17
Q

What do prokaryotic cells sometimes have?

4 things

A
  1. Flagella (plural of flagellum) (for movement)
  2. Plasmids (extra genes)
  3. Pili
  4. Slime capsule
18
Q

Name all the parts of a eukaryotic cell

12 parts

A
  1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Centrioles
  5. Cytoplasm
  6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  7. Cell membrane
  8. Golgi {apparatus/body}
  9. {Golgi vesicle/lysosome}
  10. {DNA/chromatin}
  11. Nucleolus
  12. Nucleus
19
Q

Give nucleus description (3 things) and function (1 point)

A
  1. Surrounded by a DOUBLE MEMBRANE containing PORES.
  2. Nucleoplasm contains DNA.
  3. Contains one or more nucleoli.

1 (this point is important). DNA contains {genetic/triplet} code that contains information for the synthesis of proteins.

20
Q

Give nucleolus description (1 point) and function (1 point)

A
  1. Dense body within the nucleus.

1. Makes rRNA for making ribosomes

21
Q

Give ribosome description (2 points) and function (1 point)

A
  1. Very small organelle with 2 subunits,
  2. made of RNA+protein.
  3. Protein synthesis
22
Q

Give rough ER description (2 points) and function (2 points)

A
  1. Interconnected membrane-bound sacs called cisternae
  2. with ribosomes attached
  3. Protein synthesis
  4. Protein folding
23
Q

Give smooth ER description (2 points) and function (1 point)

A
  1. A system of interconnected tube-like structures
  2. with NO attached ribosomes.
  3. Makes and processes lipids
24
Q

Give golgi {apparatus/body} description (2 points) and function (1 point)

A
  1. A group of 3 or more curved membrane-bound sacs, called cisternae, of decreasing size
  2. with ribosomes attached.
  3. Modifies proteins and lipids from ER
25
Give {lysosomes/golgi vesicle} description (2 points) and function (1 point)
1. Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane, 2. containing digestive enzymes. 1. Destroys old cells and organelles.
26
Give mitochondrion description (3 points) and function (1 point)
1. Oval shaped with a DOUBLE MEMBRANE. 2. Inner membrane folded to form CRISTAE. 3. Inside is the MATRIX containing DNA AND RIBOSOMES. 1. Aerobic respiration which makes ATP and releases oxygen.
27
Give centrioles description (2 points) and function (1 point)
1. Small hollow cylinders 2. made of microtubules. 1. Form the spindle for cell division
28
Give cell membrane description (1 point) and function (1 point)
1. Surface layer made of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins and cholesterol. 1. Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
29
Key Summary: Similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Both have 4 things)
Both have: 1. DNA 2. cell membrane 3. cytoplasm 4. ribosomes
30
Key Summary: Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (3 differences)
1. Prokaryotic cells have smaller 70S ribosomes, eukaryotic cells have larger 80S ribosomes. 2. Prokaryotic cells have NO membrane bound organelles (eg. nucleus), but eukaryotic cells do 3. Prokaryotic cells have a circular chromosome not associated with histones, eukaryotic cells have linear chromosomes associated with histones