Topic 4 - DNA And Chromosomes. & The Genetic Code[1+2]

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells structure differ from Prokaryotic cells, apart from 2 structures in it

Answer 1

The mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, like the DNA of prokaryotes, is short, circular and not associated with protein.

Question 2

How is Universal advantage?

Answer 2

means genetic engineering is possible

Question 3

The GENETIC CODE IS NON-OVERLAPPING, WAATTTT THIS MEAN/????

Answer 3

The bases that are part of a triplet are ONLY part of that triplet and no other. It does not overlap and so the code is read in three. each triplet being one unit.

Question 4

Genetic Code is Universal, what this mean??

Answer 4

All Organisms, whether an animal or a plant, monkey or a whale, THE SAME TRIPLET OF BASES e.g. CGA code for the same amino acids e.g. Arg

Question 5

How is Genetic code being degenerate an advantage?

Answer 5

if a point mutation was to occur in one of the triplets, the same amino acid would still be coded for.

Question 6

Genetic Code is Degenerate, what this mean?

Answer 6

Amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet of bases

Question 7

function of a histone protein

Answer 7

its there for the dna to wrap around so it can tightly coil and fit in the chromosome

Question 8

dnna in prokaryotic cell

Answer 8

short circular supercoils to fit in cell no nucleus so its free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Dna in eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

tightly coiled wrapped around histone proteins long linear.

Question 10

Homologous pair of chromosomes meaning

Answer 10

Matching chromosomes with identical genes but possibly different alleles.

Question 11

What is a chromosome?
How many do humans have?

Answer 11

Chromosomes are tightly coiled up dna. In eukaryotic cells, they are located in the nucleus.
Humans have 23 pairs of Chromosomes.

Question 12

Allele

Answer 12

An alternative form of a gene. Genes usually have two or more different forms/versions.

Question 13

Where is a Gene located?

Answer 13

The Locus

Question 14

What is a Gene?

Answer 14

A section of DNA that codes for (the amino acid sequence of) a polypeptide and functional RNA. The code is a specific sequence of bases.

Question 15

What is a chromosome?
How many do humans have?

Answer 15

Chromosomes are tightly coiled up dna. In eukaryotic cells, they are located in the nucleus.
Humans have 23 pairs of Chromosomes.

Question 16

Differences between proteome and genome

Answer 16

Genome never changes
Proteome constantly changes depending on what proteins are currently needed.

Question 17

Proteome

Answer 17

full range of proteins in one cell

Question 18

Genome

Answer 18

organisms complete set of DNA in a cell

Question 19

What are Exons?

Answer 19

sections of DNA that DO code for amino acids.

Question 20

What happens to Introns in mRNA molecules?

Answer 20

They get spliced out

Question 21

whats an Intron?
Where is it found?

Answer 21

sections of DNA that dont code for amino acids.
Found in eukaryotic DNA but not prokaryotic DNA

Question 22

difference between triplet and codon

Answer 22

Triplet and Codon mean the same thing
but when referring to DNA 3 bases say TRIPLET
when mRNA 3 bases say CODON

Question 23

How is Non-overlapping advantage?

Answer 23

if point mutation occurs then only one triplet affected and so only one amino acid affected