Topic 3 Flashcards
The past, the narrative, the discipline
HISTORY
What actually happened in the past
EVENT
Historian’s interpretation of what happened
ACCOUNT OR NARRATIVE
Relation between time and place
EVENT
Relation between fact and truth
ACCOUNT OR NARRATIVE
ACCESSING THE PAST
- Through memory
- Through history
- Through relics
Is the theory of knowledge
EPISTEMOLOGY
Interpretations of the past by historians based on their critical study of the widest possible range of Relevant sources, every effort having been to challenge, and avoid the perpetuation of myth
HISTORY, THE NARRATIVE
FROM THE PAST TO THE NARRATIVE: DOING HISTORY
- Past
- Sources
- Inquiry based on sources
- Interpretation
- Historical knowledge
ISSUES IN HISTORY
- ONE PAST, MANY HISTORIES
- PERSONAL ELEMENT: HISTORY AN INDIVIDUAL’S CONSTRUCT
o History separated from the past by time and space
o Past remembered differently
o History re-created by historians, writers after the event
o Selectivity, historians’ points of view and interpretations
ONE PAST, MANY HISTORIES
o Historian’s POV influenced by his or her background and by society
o POV change or can harden
o Individual judgement of what is
interesting, worth studying
PERSONAL ELEMENT: HISTORY AN
INDIVIDUAL’S CONSTRUCT
Sense of being situated in history
HISTORICITY
Awareness of time and history
HISTORICITY
Realization of differences between past and present
HISTORICITY
Link between dual meanings of history
HISTORICITY
THINKING HISTORICALLY
- Chronological thinking: the mental scaffolding for organizing historical thought
- Historical comprehension
- Historical analysis and interpretation
- Historical research and capabilities
- Historical issue-analysis and decision-making
THINKING HISTORICALLY: STAIR LEVELS (bottom to top)
Fact
Sequence
Complexity
Interpretations
HISTORICAL COMPETENCIES
- SOURCE-BASED
- INTERPRETIVE
- COMMUNICATION
SOURCE-BASED
o Find sources
o Select sources
o Evaluate sources
o Find sources
o Select sources
o Evaluate sources
SOURCE-BASED
o See link between events and understand their context
o Build plausible, coherent argument using historical materials
INTERPRETIVE
o Write clearly and in an organized, coherent way
o Cite references accurately through quotations, footnotes, bibliography
COMMUNICATION
HISTORICAL ATTITUDES
- PERSONAL LEVEL
- INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Importance of the past
PERSONAL LEVEL
Events do not happen in a vacuum
INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Understand diverse cultures
PERSONAL LEVEL
Avoid anachronism when looking for the past
INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Learn to live with uncertainty and frustration
PERSONAL LEVEL
Recognize the difference between evidence and judgement
INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Be aware of one’s biases
PERSONAL LEVEL
Affirm the importance of human agency, and accept that sometimes, accidental
force plays play a role in human affairs
INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Recognize individuals
PERSONAL LEVEL
Idea that history is interpretational and subjective, with multiple coexisting narratives about particular historical events
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
more than one
Multi
the way you see something
Perspective
In the afternoon, the expedition weighed anchor and left the island of Homonhon
MARCH 25, 1521
It was the feast-day of Annunciation or “Our Lady’s Day”
MARCH 25, 1521
Accident happened to Pigafetta: he fell into the water but he was rescued
MARCH 25, 1521
Pigafetta attributed his narrow escaped to death as grace obtained through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary on her feast day
MARCH 25, 1521
The King of the Balangay sent his men to the ship of Magellan
MARCH 25, 1521
Europeans entertained the natives and gave them gifts
MARCH 25, 1521
The King of Balangay offered a bar of gold and chest of ginger
MARCH 25, 1521
Magellan asked for the needs of ships and express that he came in an island as a friend and not as an enemy
March 25, 1521
King and Magellan exchange gifts they expressed desire to become brothers
March 25, 1521
trading ships of natives
Balangay
“In the morning of Holy Thursday, _______ , they anchored off an island where the previous night they had seen a light or bonfire. That island “lies in a latitude of nine and two-thirds towards the Arctic Pole (North) and in a longitude of hone hundred and sixty-two degrees from the line of demarcation. It is twenty-five leagues from the Acquada, and is called Mazaua”
MARCH 28, 1521
Magellan boasted his men in armor who could not to be struck with swords and daggers
March 28, 1521
Magellan showed the King and his other weapons, helmets, and artilleries
MARCH 28, 1521
He also shared with the King his charts and maps and shared how they found the islands
MARCH 28, 1521
The King was fascinated and remarked that men in such armor could be worth one hundred of his men
MARCH 28, 1521
After a few days, Magellan was introduced to the King’s brother who was also the King of another island
MARCH 28, 1521
Who did Pigafetta describe as the most handsome of all the men that he saw in the place?
Raja Colambu
- As a Malay member of the Magellan expedition
- “captured slave”
- Interpreter during the Magellan’s voyage
ENRIQUE DE MALACCA
“Early in the morning of Sunday, the last of March and Easter day,” Magellan sent the priest ashore with men to prepare for the Mass. Later in the morning Magellan landed with some fifty men and Mass was celebrated, after which a cross was venerated. Magellan and the Spaniards returned to the ship for the noon-day meal, but in the afternoon they returned ashore to plant the cross on the summit of the highest hill. In attendance, both the Mass and at the planting of the cross were King of Mazaua and the King of Butuan.”
MARCH 31, 1521
Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside the Mass by the shore
MARCH 31, 1521
The King heard his plan and sent two dead pigs and attended the Mass with the other king
MARCH 31, 1521
After the Mass, Magellan ordered to plant a cross and he explained that this will be the signs of his emperor and he was tasked to place that he would reach
MARCH 31, 1521
He explained that this would be beneficial for the natives because once other Spaniards saw this cross, they would know they had been in the islands and would not cause troubles. Also, any natives who might be held captives will be released
MARCH 31, 1521
The King concurred and allowed for the cross to be planted
MARCH 31, 1521
What did the King offer when he heard the plan?
Two dead pigs
Officiated the first mass in the Philippines
PERDRO DE VALDERRAMA
An act to declare the site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the province of Leyte, where the first mass in the Philippines was held as a National Shrine, to provide for the preservation of historial monuments and landmarks threat, and for other purposes
REPUBLIC ACT 2733
o Claims that Magellan went to Butuan then returned to Limasawa
o Believers put cross which they believe the location which is Magallanes
o Natives excavated ancient balangay
Murillo Velarde Map
What claim: Murillo Velarde Map
MASAO, BUTUAN (AGUSAN DEL NORTE)
The area was said to be 2,200 to 3,900 hectares
Gines De Mafra
o They sailed southbound passing through the Leyte coast and reach the Mazau March 28, 1521
o 25 leagues (138.9km) away from Homonhon Island
o Magellan and his crews stayed in Mazau Island for 7 days
Based of the Antonio Pigafetta’s Account
What claim: Gines De Mafra
MASAO, BUTUAN (AGUSAN DEL NORTE)
What claim: Based of the Antonio Pigafetta’s Account
LIMASAWA, LEYTE
They planted a cross in a top of mountain where there are 3 visible islands
Based of the Francisco Albo (Magellan’s crew)
NHCP
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) affirms _________ as the site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines.
Limasawa Island