Topic 2 Part 3 - Growth Flashcards
What are the three processes involved in growth?
Cell division, synthesis of new structures from raw materials and cell expansion.
What is an Arthropod?
Any invertebrate animal that, characteristically, possesses an outer body layer—the cuticle—that functions as a rigid protective exoskeleton; growth is thus possible only by periodic moults
What is an exoskeleton?
A rigid external covering for the body in certain animals, such as the hard chitinous cuticle of arthropods. The cuticle of arthropods must be shed at intervals to allow growth to occur
What sort of growth pattern do vertebrates show?
Vertebrates tend to start with slow growth, then speed up the rate of growth before slowing down again.
What sort of growth pattern do arthropods show?
Arthropods show a ‘stepped’ growth pattern.
What factors determine growth in plants and animals?
External factors include temperature, diet and light. Growth is determined internally by hormones.
What are meristems and where are they found?
Meristems are actively dividing cells found in plants at the tips of roots and shoots.
According to convention should the x-axis be the dependent or independent variable?
Dependent
According to convention should the y-axis be the dependent or independent variable?
Independent
How do cells grow?
They follow a sequence: division and growth
How many cells does each cell produce in each sequence of growth when it divides?
two progeny cells
What positive impact does the cell growth sequence have?
the replenishment of worn-out cells as well as the overall growth of a multicellular organism.
Does multicellular organisms grow as individuals within a population or grow in terms of numbers of individuals within a population?
multicellular organisms grow as individuals within a population
Does single-celled organisms grow as individuals within a population or grow in terms of numbers of individuals within a population?
grow in terms of numbers of individuals within a population.
What is it called when the reproduction of chromosomes are not accurate?
a mutation
How must single cells reproduce?
They must reproduce with themselves (asexual)
What is the term for reproducing with yourself?
asexual reproduction
What is asexual reproduction?
When only one parent is needed to produce two offspring
What is sexual reproduction?
two parents are required to produce offspring
What is the term for the process most prokaryotic divide by?
binary fission
In what way are prokaryotic cells simpler than eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have internal organelles.