Topic 1 Part 1 - What is water?

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that occupies space

Question 2

What is a chemical?

Answer 2

Chemical is everything made up of matter

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

Element is a substance made up of one type of a basic building block.

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

Compound is chemicals that comprise of more than one basic element

Question 5

Which colour represents oxygen atoms?

Answer 5

Red

Question 6

Which colour is used to represent hydrogen atoms?

Answer 6

White

Question 7

How many elements on the periodic table?

Answer 7

118

Question 8

How many of the elements on the periodic table are naturally occurring?

Answer 8

92

Question 9

How did Mendeléev classify elements?

Answer 9

Mendeléev organised elements into columns according to common chemical properties, with the heaviest element at the bottom and the lightest at the top

Question 10

On an element on a periodic table which number is at the top?

Answer 10

Atomic Number

Question 11

On an element on a periodic table which number is at the bottom?

Answer 11

Relative atomic mass

Question 12

How many litres in cm3

Answer 12

1 litre = 1000 cm3

Question 13

What is a reservoir?

Answer 13

A reservoir is any location where water is stored

Question 14

What is precipitation?

Answer 14

Precipitation is transfer of water (solid or liquid) from the atmosphere to the ground.

Question 15

What is evaporation?

Answer 15

Evaporation is liquid turning into a gas.

Question 16

What is transpiration?

Answer 16

Transpiration is the transfer of water from leaves to the atmostphere

Question 17

What is the smallest particle that is still called water called?

Answer 17

A water molecule

Question 18

What is the charge of an atom?

Answer 18

The charge of an atom is neutral

Question 19

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 19

The charge of an electron is negative (-1)

Question 20

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 20

The charge of a proton is positive (+1)

Question 21

What is the relationship between the number of protons in an atom and the number of electrons in the same atom?

Answer 21

Since they have the same charge, but opposite signs, there must be the same number of protons as electrons.

Question 22

What is the atomic number

Answer 22

The atomic number is the number of protons each element has

Question 23

As the atomic number increase so does what?

Answer 23

The atoms mass.

Question 24

What is the atomic number of Oxygen (O)?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

How many protons are there in an oxygen atom?

Answer 25

8

Question 26

How do you work out the atomic mass number?

Answer 26

An atoms protons plus neutrons

Question 27

How many neutrons are there in an oxygen atom with an atomic mass number of 17?

Answer 27

9

Question 28

How many times less is the mass of an electron to a proton?

Answer 28

1840

Question 29

What is the relative atomic mass number?

Answer 29

Relative Atomic mass number is the average atomic mass number for the element.

Question 30

Where is the relative atomic mass number usually found?

Answer 30

The relative atomic mass number is found under the chemical symbol on the periodic table.

Question 31

What is the relative atomic mass of chlorine?

Answer 31

The relative atomic mass number of chlorine is 35.5.

Question 32

What is an isotope?

Answer 32

An isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons.

Question 33

When an object becomes positively charged what does it lose?

Answer 33

When an object becomes positively charged it loses electrons.

Question 34

How do you create static electricity?

Answer 34

Static electricity is created by transferring negative charge from one object to another.

Question 35

How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many electrons can the second shell of an atom hold?

Answer 36

8

Question 37

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 37

Chemical bonds arise from the interactions of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 38

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 38

Covalent bond is where electrons are shared between two neuclei.

Question 39

How many electrons are shared between the oxygen and each hydrogen?

Answer 39

Two electrons are shared between the oxygen and each hydrogen. This is called a single bond.

Question 40

Two Oxygens atoms bonding share four atoms, in chemistry what is this called?

Answer 40

In Chemistry this is called a double bond.

Question 41

What is the chemical formula of water?

Answer 41

H2O

Question 42

What is the chemical formula of oxygen?

Answer 42

O2; oxygen gas in the air does not exist in the form of free individual oxygen atoms.

Question 43

What is the chemical formula of table salt

Answer 43

NaCl is common salt or sodium chloride.

Question 44

What is intramolecular attraction?

Answer 44

Intramolecular forces are forces that hold atoms together within a molecules.

Question 45

What is intermolecular attraction?

Answer 45

Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.

Question 46

In the water molecule what are the electrons more strongly attracted to Oxygen or Hydrogen?

Answer 46

Oxygen

Question 47

If the electrons are pulled more towards the oxygen atom than to the hydrogen atoms what do you think happens to the charge distribution?

Answer 47

There will be a separation in charge between the oxygen atom (becoming more negative) and the hydrogen atoms (becoming more positive).

Question 48

What is polarisation in chemistry?

Answer 48

The separation of positive and negative charges in a nucleaus, atom, molecule or system

Question 49

What symbols are used to express polarization in chemistry?

Answer 49

δ− (delta minus) and δ+ (delta plus)

Question 50

What is delta used to represent?

Answer 50

“A little bit”

Question 51

What is a polar covalent bond

Answer 51

A polar covalent bond is a bond formed when a shared pair of electrons are not shared equally.

Question 52

Will covalent bond always have an element of polarization?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

Is the covalent bond between two atoms of the same element polar or non-polar?

Answer 53

The covalent bond between two atoms of the same element is non-polar because both atoms attract the shared electrons to the same extent.

Question 54

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 54

A hydrogen bond is where the positive hydrogen of one water molecule to be attracted to the negative oxygen of another water molecule.

Question 55

Are hydrogen bonds intermolecular or intramolecular bonds?

Answer 55

Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds.

Question 56

What are the chemical formulas for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and water?

Answer 56

The formulas are: H2, O2 and H2O, respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen gas don’t exist as individual atoms.

Question 57

In a chemical reaction, what is the starting chemical substances or compounds known as?

Answer 57

Reactants

Question 58

In a chemical reaction, what is the transformed chemical substances or compounds known as?

Answer 58

Products

Question 59

When writing a chemical formula what must you ensure both sides of the equation do?

Answer 59

Both sides of the equation must equal

Question 60

What is the chemical equation of hydrogen and oxygen turning into water?

Answer 60

2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O (l)

Question 61

How many molecules of water are formed when one molecule of oxygen reacts with two molecules of hydrogen?

Answer 61

Two molecules of water are formed when one molecule of oxygen reacts with two molecules of hydrogen.