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S111 > Topic 1 Part 1 - What is water? > Flashcards

Topic 1 Part 1 - What is water? Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that occupies space

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2
Q

What is a chemical?

A

Chemical is everything made up of matter

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

Element is a substance made up of one type of a basic building block.

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compound is chemicals that comprise of more than one basic element

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5
Q

Which colour represents oxygen atoms?

A

Red

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6
Q

Which colour is used to represent hydrogen atoms?

A

White

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7
Q

How many elements on the periodic table?

A

118

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8
Q

How many of the elements on the periodic table are naturally occurring?

A

92

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9
Q

How did Mendeléev classify elements?

A

Mendeléev organised elements into columns according to common chemical properties, with the heaviest element at the bottom and the lightest at the top

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10
Q

On an element on a periodic table which number is at the top?

A

Atomic Number

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11
Q

On an element on a periodic table which number is at the bottom?

A

Relative atomic mass

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12
Q

How many litres in cm3

A

1 litre = 1000 cm3

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13
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A reservoir is any location where water is stored

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14
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Precipitation is transfer of water (solid or liquid) from the atmosphere to the ground.

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15
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation is liquid turning into a gas.

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16
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Transpiration is the transfer of water from leaves to the atmostphere

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17
Q

What is the smallest particle that is still called water called?

A

A water molecule

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18
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

The charge of an atom is neutral

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19
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

The charge of an electron is negative (-1)

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20
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

The charge of a proton is positive (+1)

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21
Q

What is the relationship between the number of protons in an atom and the number of electrons in the same atom?

A

Since they have the same charge, but opposite signs, there must be the same number of protons as electrons.

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22
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The atomic number is the number of protons each element has

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23
Q

As the atomic number increase so does what?

A

The atoms mass.

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24
Q

What is the atomic number of Oxygen (O)?

A

8

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25
Q

How many protons are there in an oxygen atom?

A

8

26
Q

How do you work out the atomic mass number?

A

An atoms protons plus neutrons

27
Q

How many neutrons are there in an oxygen atom with an atomic mass number of 17?

A

9

28
Q

How many times less is the mass of an electron to a proton?

A

1840

29
Q

What is the relative atomic mass number?

A

Relative Atomic mass number is the average atomic mass number for the element.

30
Q

Where is the relative atomic mass number usually found?

A

The relative atomic mass number is found under the chemical symbol on the periodic table.

31
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of chlorine?

A

The relative atomic mass number of chlorine is 35.5.

32
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons.

33
Q

When an object becomes positively charged what does it lose?

A

When an object becomes positively charged it loses electrons.

34
Q

How do you create static electricity?

A

Static electricity is created by transferring negative charge from one object to another.

35
Q

How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?

A

2

36
Q

How many electrons can the second shell of an atom hold?

A

8

37
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

Chemical bonds arise from the interactions of electrons from one atom to another.

38
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Covalent bond is where electrons are shared between two neuclei.

39
Q

How many electrons are shared between the oxygen and each hydrogen?

A

Two electrons are shared between the oxygen and each hydrogen. This is called a single bond.

40
Q

Two Oxygens atoms bonding share four atoms, in chemistry what is this called?

A

In Chemistry this is called a double bond.

41
Q

What is the chemical formula of water?

A

H2O

42
Q

What is the chemical formula of oxygen?

A

O2; oxygen gas in the air does not exist in the form of free individual oxygen atoms.

43
Q

What is the chemical formula of table salt

A

NaCl is common salt or sodium chloride.

44
Q

What is intramolecular attraction?

A

Intramolecular forces are forces that hold atoms together within a molecules.

45
Q

What is intermolecular attraction?

A

Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.

46
Q

In the water molecule what are the electrons more strongly attracted to Oxygen or Hydrogen?

A

Oxygen

47
Q

If the electrons are pulled more towards the oxygen atom than to the hydrogen atoms what do you think happens to the charge distribution?

A

There will be a separation in charge between the oxygen atom (becoming more negative) and the hydrogen atoms (becoming more positive).

48
Q

What is polarisation in chemistry?

A

The separation of positive and negative charges in a nucleaus, atom, molecule or system

49
Q

What symbols are used to express polarization in chemistry?

A

δ− (delta minus) and δ+ (delta plus)

50
Q

What is delta used to represent?

A

“A little bit”

51
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

A polar covalent bond is a bond formed when a shared pair of electrons are not shared equally.

52
Q

Will covalent bond always have an element of polarization?

A

Yes

53
Q

Is the covalent bond between two atoms of the same element polar or non-polar?

A

The covalent bond between two atoms of the same element is non-polar because both atoms attract the shared electrons to the same extent.

54
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A hydrogen bond is where the positive hydrogen of one water molecule to be attracted to the negative oxygen of another water molecule.

55
Q

Are hydrogen bonds intermolecular or intramolecular bonds?

A

Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds.

56
Q

What are the chemical formulas for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and water?

A

The formulas are: H2, O2 and H2O, respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen gas don’t exist as individual atoms.

57
Q

In a chemical reaction, what is the starting chemical substances or compounds known as?

A

Reactants

58
Q

In a chemical reaction, what is the transformed chemical substances or compounds known as?

A

Products

59
Q

When writing a chemical formula what must you ensure both sides of the equation do?

A

Both sides of the equation must equal

60
Q

What is the chemical equation of hydrogen and oxygen turning into water?

A

2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O (l)

61
Q

How many molecules of water are formed when one molecule of oxygen reacts with two molecules of hydrogen?

A

Two molecules of water are formed when one molecule of oxygen reacts with two molecules of hydrogen.

S111 (16 decks)

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