Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

social anthropology 1007 > topic 1 readings + case studies > Flashcards

topic 1 readings + case studies Flashcards

1
Q

tcherkezoff; what, when where

A

first contacts in polynesia; studied hawaiian traditions and cook in 2004

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hawaiian traditions

A
  • chief on an island; warns of arrival of europeans (there are different interpretations in different islands of europeans)
  • lono= never before encountered people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

maori traditions

A

newcomers are tupua or atua
tupua= visible beings of supernatural origin regarded with a mix of terror or awe and are given offerings
atua= god or being of supernatural origin

Eldon Best: forigeiners [europeans] are atua
“europeans are tupua but not OUR tupua’; distinction between gods, spirits and ancestors (tupua vs. tupuna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

maori and cook; linguistic confusion

A

maori + cook: cook says he is an astronomer ‘looking at stars”
maori: think this means he is a celestial being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thomas hylannd-eriksen

A

‘comparison and context’ 2010

culture carries ambiguity; humans equally cultural but with different systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

claude levi strauss and aim of anthropology?

A

‘anthropology has humanity as its objects of research, but studies divere manifestations’

  • anthropology aims to understands connections in existence within, and between soecities
  • context is important
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

geertzian concept

A

culture is an integrated whole

e. g. economics; drives globalization
e. g. cultural concepts; drive political explotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cultural relavitism

A

societies/cultures are qualitavely different with own, unique inner lenses

  • ethical principle and methological conept that excluses favouritivism and prferrism
  • rejects ethnocentrisim and western centered models/concepts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

william arens.. wrote?

A

‘the man eating myth’ 1979

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aim of arens book

A

debunk mythologies of cannibalism as an accepted, ritual practice;
- show its a racist concept

  • arens already bias of cannivalism (hence is bias); believes its seen as a unviersal anti-social and immoral behavoiur; only ever actually seen as a surivival act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

another word for cannibalism is

A

anthropophagy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of ‘alleged’ notions of cannibalism

A
  1. herodotus
  2. tanzania and uganda
  3. jerome gibbons
  4. hans staden
  5. polynesia ta’unaga
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

herodotus belief + arens critique

A

said scynthians were ‘only people that eat human flesh’

arens:
herodotus as first recorder of other cultures enjoyed telling people of the unkwon and faraway people as barbaric; to create ‘dramatic narrative’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tanzania/uganda case + arens critique

A

tanzania (1968) called europeans blod suckers, who ate blood in ‘pills’
(uganda 1970); africans believed europeans ‘ate babies’ according to Middle ton

arens: stories of ‘blood suckers’ in africa as a result of british wwii blood drives (seen as colonial and political symbol of europeans consuming african vitality)

shows racist double standard onto africans:

  1. africans ignorant for thinkinng europeans cannivals
  2. europeans also think africans ignorant for being themselves uncivillized and cannivalistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

jerome gibbons case + arens critique

A
  • gibbons; ‘scots of pre-christian england delight in the tase of human flesh’… ‘but i say this only with undersatnding i have no witness’
  • cultural post-image of non-western societies
  • influenced by 19th century evolutionary social theory which was attached to ‘others’; historic image of ‘primitive man’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hans staden case + arens critique

A

hans staden; said he was captured by Tupinamba Indians Islands in South America (1550s)
- said he saw them eat flesh as ritual process

arens critique:
a. detailed story but stadens wasn’t captured long enough

b. portrayed women as main cannibalist; sexist understood of female inferiority as savage
c. he claims Tupinambas were intellectually inferior, depsite himself not speaking the language, claims to have had detailed conversation with them and claims they have their own language [contradictions]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

polynesian ta’unaga case + arens critique

A

19th century; ta’unga visited polynesia as a christian evangelist missionary

a. writes accounts of cannivalism as daily event
b. says savages fight for human meat
c. demonizes women as main cannibalistic enthusiasts

arens critique/analysis:

  1. tu’unga wants to portray self as a saviour sent to save and civillize islands with western superiority
  2. plays on readers emotions to instill feer; ‘londoners are like food to them’
  3. has linguistic fallacies; claims to report and interview islanders but himself was also ntoa ble to prevent a cannibalist child trial due to misscominuication?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

types of cannibalism

A 
endocannibalism
exocannibalism
actocannibalism
gastronomic cannivalism
ritual/magic cannivalism
surivival cannibalism
19
Q

cannibalism portrayal

A
  1. cannivalism used to be portrayed as more perverse
  2. special vocabularty used to mystify it
  3. all people are pimritive
  4. always restricted to far away countries (dimension of time and space play a role)
20
Q

western portrayal of cannibalism

A
  • romans accused chrustians of using blood in ‘secret rites’
  • christians accused jews of ‘diestry restrictions’
    BOTH; been historically debunked as xenophobic and antisemetic stories (prjeuced and racism)

arens: in contrast; ‘others’ not to civillized standards are ignored and savage

21
Q

western portrayal of cannibalism

A
  • romans accused chrustians of using blood in ‘secret rites’
  • christians accused jews of ‘diestry restrictions’
    BOTH; been historically debunked as xenophobic and antisemetic stories (prjeuced and racism)

arens: in contrast; ‘others’ not to civillized standards are ignored and savage

22
Q

who wrote homo monstrous and when

A

anne marie de waal malefijit in 1968

23
Q

origins of homo monstrous term

A

linnesas coined it as a monstrous race; the nonhuman relatives

based on:

  • individual travel accounts of derformed individuals as mosnters
  • scientific classification of mosnters to justify such racist ideology
24
Q

herodotus and homo monstrous

A

greke historian who portrayed other groups in 5 b.c.

arrismapia as cyclops and libyas as dog headed

25
Q

examples of homo monstrous

A

Ktesias (persian physicians) portrayed indians as wondrous trives with 1 large foots or headless

alexander the great; added to this during invastion

discovery of new world by colombus; ‘indiasn of hispanisa’ as dog headed

26
Q

pope

A

pope paul II had to officialy declare american indians as fully human and with souls

27
Q

modern homo monstorus? malefijits conclusions

A

yeti in himalayza

  • homo monstrous results of human imagination of far off lands conceptualizing people in reality by mythical means
28
Q

modern homo monstorus? malefijits conclusions

A

yeti in himalayza

  • homo monstrous results of human imagination of far off lands conceptualizing people in reality by mythical means
29
Q

taussing; what and when and where

A

micheal taussing’ shaminism and colonialism of the wild man’
1986

jnew world imagery; evil views and savage; conquereres attributed magical powers to primitive

‘wildness’; spirit of unknown and symbolic function of darkness; extremes of destruction and healing of lower claseses; harmony and beauty and honour and fear of western man as of the east

30
Q

manuel gomez

A

white colonists in PUTAMAJO india;
claimed to see the devil and indian shaman work together; this strengthed myths about the savage and justified salvaiton of colonizers

31
Q

malinowski

A

higher races credit lower races with demonical powers

e..g colonial power in SW pacific in wwi; racism and cult of primitive of magic

32
Q

eb tyler

A

‘white man in africa dreases powers of the obi-wan’ (1971)
0 class structure of magic and socital evolution, educatiaion created with aim of destroyng belief in magic
- hindu pravidians in south africa for example, have fear of lower slave cast in belief they possess demonic powers

33
Q

fernando ortiz

A

common for whites to go to ‘black witches’ or ‘los negros brujos’ in cuba (slaves)

  • faith placed in black magic sorcery and healers; attraction and fear of lower classes however also exist due to the ‘non solid culture of the rich’
34
Q

alred mertway

A

haiti; masters mistreated slaves also due to fear of voodoo

35
Q

henry mertray

A

colombian slaves practied sorcery and were inferior in colonial cartagena;
during the inquistiion; female witches were often assosiated with african slaves who were though to worship the devil; ‘black withces of cartagena sentenced do death’

36
Q

clocks and steam engines; aim?

A

levi strauss discuesses differences between primitive and modern society

37
Q

points of clocks and steam engines in primitive and higher societies

A
  • society is founded on one social body exploiting another
    2 types of machines; mechanical and thermodynamic

primitive societies are cold societies because they are in equillibrium and democratic; little distorder and static means it has no history

modern soceities in contrast are hot and in dissiqiulibrium which drives progress through the existenc eof social hierarchies (slavery and serfdom); history defined as change and progress through disorder; therefor ehistory is an attribute of higher societies

38
Q

case system as example

A

case system in india has divisions which encourages the developments of society but issues are settled uniamounsly within the divisions, therefore not modern society

39
Q

south sea islands example

A

ritual combat is used to mitigate conflict; state of UNAMINTY against divisions/social hierachies; means that differences in opinion are removed, no minorities exists= hence equality and equillibrium

40
Q

rousseau + unaminity

A

unaminity is the uniamouns decision to respect the majority decision
= its a pre condition of the existence of a society

levi-strauss take: modenr societies are developmed from this; function on basis of differece; demoncry impossible in modern societies

41
Q

modern societies (levi strauss)

A

history and disiqullibrm; modern society is constatnly esstablishing differentials to progress (from colonialism to slavery to capitalism, etc)

culture is disordered in the primitvive and ordered in their society, whereas society is disordered in the modern and culture is ordered in the modern

42
Q

levi-strauss definition of culture

A

culture as relationship of members in a civilizzation to external world, and socoety as relationship of men to each other

43
Q

explain cook and lono (more or less)

A

MAUI 1778:
1. mahiki festival (23 days) and lono and captain cook; historical image of mythical process

a. cook sails with hms resolution; gives maui gift of fertility (even drinks ritual drink)

b. comes a second time- ku and lono battle in ritual battle and lono dies= cook is killed by priest historically
kahoalil; rite of human sacrifice

  1. cook voyage correlated with hawaiam lunar calender
  2. hawaiins interpreted it as such e.g. ‘when will lono come again?’
  3. effecet was british impersialism took place in hawaii;
    american kahuna priests bring new order;
    european style seen as noble adn godly;
    hawaiisns fashion conscience and want european style/belongings

social anthropology 1007 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions