gender and body and identity Flashcards
gender
social elaboraiton of sex and ideneity
-assigned at birth and cultured with presecriped behaviour, rights, attitidues and resposnabilities
sex
physical and anatomical differences in biology
development of gender studies in anthropology
- ethnography; division of lavour and status of women
focus:
- affects of feminism with anthropoloy
- social construction of gender
- male and feamel relationships
- queer theory (seuxliaty) and variations over cultures
first feminist wave
suggraggete moment for political and legal rights
e.g. emily and silvia pancast in uk
second feminist wave
gender as seperate from biological desinty social roles (housewives) and reproductive rights (abortion, the pill, control of fertility)
equal SOCIAL rights (home, labour, education) against sex descrimination
what is intersectionality
coined by Kimberle Crenshaw 1989;
- illutrates how differenct social structures (race, gender, class) overlap and shape subjecitivities
- differences of oppression among women
- patriarchal and capitalist structures putting people in subjec tpositions
third feminist wave
- post modern
- looks at how everyone is entitlted to their own opinion; no aboslute truth
- ## diversity and inclusievness; black/mintority feminists, apprectiation for culture/religious diversity, increased interesectionality
personal expression= progress
- empowerment of girl power (beyonce)
- sexuality and sex language embrances to subvery patriarchy
- criticism of sexual violence and race
black feminism
- alternative second wave
- dfferent desires than ‘middle class women’; who dont want to be domestistc
- instead; (alreayd working due to poverty; face different contraints)
- acknowledgement of ethnicity, class and race to expand rights and achieve power and equality
‘the second sex’
simone de beauvoir ‘the second sex’; one is not born but rather becomes a woman 1949
annette weiner
critiqued malinowski (1988) in his ethnography of papua new guinea; -said he overagerated mens contributions to trobriander society and didnt examine female institituions
traidtional anthropological focus on gender
- by men about men
- looks rt division of labour; status of women by social constutions
revision of hunter gatherer society with gender analysis
traditionally:
- men hunters, women gatherers; hence women have imferior positions politically depsite doiny more work
one theory:
1 women give birth= therefre dont have physical freedom to mve around; women in charge of reproduction and men in charge of production
women as nature men ad culture.
women control private and men control public (e.g. housewive ideal in UK)
a. women positioned different experience subordination
b. matriarchal societies and gender compensation
c. western equality
ortner and social paradigms of women/equality
‘is female to male as nature to culture?; critique of structuralism; women univerall have inferior position and western vias is not universal either.
distinction of private and public view of women (nature; rprodutctive) and men (culture)
women: menstrate and reproduce; hence body assosiation with home and family–> aimed to become domesticated as NATURE is wild/control; i.e. danger to men
feminism and the 3rd world woman
- silenc eof women in global societies
- international organizations push for womens political strugle and support
BUT:
- western philosophy imposed on women of differen localities and cultures into political strategies and principles
chandra monhanty
‘feminism the colonial discources’
- wetern feminism is imposed on the 3rd world women (hegemony of westn)
- assumption women are a universal group; disregardes different interests, desires in class/ethnicities and implies that gender is universal and that patriarchal suppresion is equal
- matieral vs discursive groupf women; i.e. act of mothering vs status of motherhood
- portryal of women as objects contrained by tradition
- women as pssive and victim; men as dominating and oppressive
- creaiton of east/west woman dichotomy
