Topic 1: Organisation of Human Body Flashcards
Provide the definition of the term “Anatomy”
The science of structure
Provide the definition of the term “Physiology”
The science of body functions, That is determined by the anatomy
What are the 6 terms used to describe the levels of organisation?
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Organ
- Organismal
- System
- Tissue
Describe the chemical level of organisation
Atoms–>Molecules
Describe the cellular level of organisation
Cells with organelles, They are basic units of life
Describe the organ level of organisation
groups of tissues performing a common function
Describe the Organismal level of organisation
Combines all systems of the body
Describe the tissue level of organisation and the 4 basic types
groups of cells and surrounding matrix
4 basic types: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous
Describe the system level of organisation
group of organs with a common function
Why is it important for the body systems to work together?
to maintain health, protect from disease, and allow for reproduction
What are the 6 key life processes?
- Metabolism
- Movement
- Responsiveness
- Reproduction
- Growth
- Differentiation
Provide the definition of metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Provide the definition of responsiveness
Detection and response to changes in the external or internal environment.
Provide the definition of movement
motion of the whole body to the tiny organelles in the cells
Provide the definition of growth
Increase in body size
Provide the definition of differentiation
The specialisation of cells
Provide the definition of reproduction
Formation of new cells to production of a new individual
Describe homeostasis in the human body.
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Describe the 4 key points of homeostasis
- It is a dynamic process
- It is maintained by feedback systems
- Involves adjusting the value of a physiological variable
- must be measured and then changed towards a goal
What are the 4 system components?
- Controlled variable
- Receptor
- Control centre
- Effector
What is the function of receptors?
Measures variable value
Describe the function of the control centre
evaluates input from receptor and sends output to the effector
Describe the function of the effector
System that changes the value of the controlled variable as determined by the control center.
Homeostasis involves what 2 systems?
Negative feedback system and positive feedback systems
