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science 8 > Topic 1-Mechanical Systems > Flashcards

Topic 1-Mechanical Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Machine

A

A device that helps humans do work

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2
Q

What are the six simple machines?

A 
Wheel and Axel
Pulley
Wedge
Inclined Plane
Screw
Lever
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3
Q

What are the four effects of simple machines?

A

Changing the direction of the force
Multiplying force
Increasing or decreasing speed
Transferring force

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4
Q

What is a lever?

A

A rigid bar or plank that rotates around a fixed point

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5
Q

Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 1st class lever?

A

The fulcrum is in the middle and the load and force are on either end

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6
Q

Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 2nd class lever?

A

The fulcrum is on one end, the load in the middle, and the force on the other end

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7
Q

Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 3rd class lever?

A

The fulcrum is at the end, the force is in the middle and the load is at the other end

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8
Q

What is an inclined plane?

A

A flat surface angled to another flat surface. Also known as a ramp

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9
Q

What is a pulley?

A

Wire robe or cable moving on a grooved wheel that helps you life large loads

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10
Q

What is a wheel and axel?

A

A combination of two wheels of different diameters that turn together.

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11
Q

What is a screw?

A

A cylinder with an inclined plane wrapped around it

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12
Q

What are the advantages of screws? What

A

Helps increase the force you use
Can penetrate materials using a small force
Can be used to transfer materials

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of screws?

A

Moves objects very slowly

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14
Q

What are the advantages of pulleys?

A

Help you lift larger loads you couldn’t lift on your own

Can be movable or stay in place

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of pulleys?

A

You have to except force over a larger distance

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16
Q

What are the advantages of a wheel and axle?

A

Used to increase speed

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of a wheel and axle?

A

Have to turn a greater distance to apply the force

18
Q

What are the advantages of levers?

A

You can move a larger load than you can without using it

19
Q

What are the disadvantages of levers?

A

You must move a greater distance than the load does

20
Q

What are the advantages of inclined planes?

A

Can move large heavy objects that are too heavy to lift straight up

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of inclined planes?

A

You have to except force over a larger distance

22
Q

What are the advantages of wedges?

A

Increases force you apply on an object

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of wedges?

A

Only used in one direction

24
Q

On an inclined plane, longer distance equals what?

A

Less force the steeper the slope is the more force is needed

25
Q

The wheel and axle are used to increase the…

A

Force and speed

26
Q

What are complex machines?

A

System in which simple machines all work together

27
Q

What is a subsystem?

A

Groups of parts that preform specific functions

28
Q

How does a complex machine move an object?

A

By transferring energy from an energy source to an object

29
Q

What is a linkage?

A

Belt or chain to transfer energy from an energy source to an object

30
Q

What are types of linkages?

A

Chains, belts, transmissions, gears

31
Q

What are transmissions?

A

A type of linkage

They help move much larger loads

32
Q

What are gears?

A

A type of linkage
Essential to most mechanical systems
They consist of a pair of wheels that have interlocking teeth.
One gear transfers motion to the other.

33
Q

When rotating a larger gear wheel has….

A

More force but is slower

34
Q

When rotating a smaller gear wheel has….

A

Less force but is faster

35
Q

Gear train

A

Two or more interlocking gears

science 8 (16 decks)

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