Topic 1-Mechanical Systems Flashcards
Machine
A device that helps humans do work
What are the six simple machines?
Wheel and Axel Pulley Wedge Inclined Plane Screw Lever
What are the four effects of simple machines?
Changing the direction of the force
Multiplying force
Increasing or decreasing speed
Transferring force
What is a lever?
A rigid bar or plank that rotates around a fixed point
Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 1st class lever?
The fulcrum is in the middle and the load and force are on either end
Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 2nd class lever?
The fulcrum is on one end, the load in the middle, and the force on the other end
Where is the load, fulcrum, and force in a 3rd class lever?
The fulcrum is at the end, the force is in the middle and the load is at the other end
What is an inclined plane?
A flat surface angled to another flat surface. Also known as a ramp
What is a pulley?
Wire robe or cable moving on a grooved wheel that helps you life large loads
What is a wheel and axel?
A combination of two wheels of different diameters that turn together.
What is a screw?
A cylinder with an inclined plane wrapped around it
What are the advantages of screws? What
Helps increase the force you use
Can penetrate materials using a small force
Can be used to transfer materials
What are the disadvantages of screws?
Moves objects very slowly
What are the advantages of pulleys?
Help you lift larger loads you couldn’t lift on your own
Can be movable or stay in place
What are the disadvantages of pulleys?
You have to except force over a larger distance
What are the advantages of a wheel and axle?
Used to increase speed
What are the disadvantages of a wheel and axle?
Have to turn a greater distance to apply the force
What are the advantages of levers?
You can move a larger load than you can without using it
What are the disadvantages of levers?
You must move a greater distance than the load does
What are the advantages of inclined planes?
Can move large heavy objects that are too heavy to lift straight up
What are the disadvantages of inclined planes?
You have to except force over a larger distance
What are the advantages of wedges?
Increases force you apply on an object
What are the disadvantages of wedges?
Only used in one direction
On an inclined plane, longer distance equals what?
Less force the steeper the slope is the more force is needed
The wheel and axle are used to increase the…
Force and speed
What are complex machines?
System in which simple machines all work together
What is a subsystem?
Groups of parts that preform specific functions
How does a complex machine move an object?
By transferring energy from an energy source to an object
What is a linkage?
Belt or chain to transfer energy from an energy source to an object
What are types of linkages?
Chains, belts, transmissions, gears
What are transmissions?
A type of linkage
They help move much larger loads
What are gears?
A type of linkage
Essential to most mechanical systems
They consist of a pair of wheels that have interlocking teeth.
One gear transfers motion to the other.
When rotating a larger gear wheel has….
More force but is slower
When rotating a smaller gear wheel has….
Less force but is faster
Gear train
Two or more interlocking gears
