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DMD 5241 > Tooth Development (complete) > Flashcards

Tooth Development (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stomatodeum

A

the primitive oral cavity

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2
Q

What borders the stomatodeum

A

the neural plate

the cardiac plate

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3
Q

What separates the stomatodeum from the foregut

A

the buccopharyngeal membrane

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4
Q

What happens to the buccopharyngeal membrane

A

it disintegrates in the 4th week

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5
Q

what lines the stomatodeum

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

what initiates the development of the face

A

the formation of the stomatodeum

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7
Q

what is the oral epithelium

A

a primitive two or three cell thick layer of epithelium that covers embryonic connective tissue

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8
Q

from what does the dental lamina develop

A

a portion of the oral epithelium

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9
Q

What is dental lamina

A

the horse shoe shaped band of epithelial tissue that will develop into the teeth and periodontium (along with ectomesenchyme)

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10
Q

When does odontogenesis begin

A

the 6th week

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11
Q

What are the two tissues that develop into teeth

A
  1. dental lamina

2. ectomesenchyme

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12
Q

When do primary teeth begin to form

A

4 months in utero

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13
Q

when do permanent teeth begin to form

A

at birth

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14
Q

What initiates and governs tooth development

A

ectomesenchymal interactions

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15
Q

What leads to the differentiation of ectomesenchyme

A

secretion of growth factor by the dental lamina

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16
Q

What is the ectomesenchyme formed from

A

mesoderm with neural crest cells sprinkled in

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17
Q

What separates the dental lamina from the ectomesenchyme

A

a well defined basal lamina

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18
Q

What signifies the start of odontogenesis

A

the appearance of the dental lamina

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19
Q

What are the stages of dental lamina development

A
  1. oral epithelium (no invagination)
  2. primary epithelial band (slight invagination)
  3. Dental lamina (invagination)
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20
Q

What is adontia

A

congenital absence of all teeth

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21
Q

what causes adontia

A

ectodermal dysplasia
(defect in the ectoderm derived tissues)
no tooth buds are formed

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22
Q

What is hypodontia

A

1-5 teeth missing

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23
Q

what is oligodontia

A

6 or more teeth missing

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24
Q

What is hyperdontia

A

extra teeth (supernumerary teeth)

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25
Q

in what dentition do we see hyperdontia

A

permanent dentition

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26
Q

What is the most common supernumerary tooth

A

mesioden

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27
Q

What causes hyperdontia

A

an extra tooth germ forms

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28
Q

tooth formation is initiated by factors residing in the ____

A

1st arch oral epithelium

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29
Q

What are the stages of tooth development

A

Bud
Cap
Bell

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30
Q

What is the stage that follows the invagination of the dental lamina

A

the Bud stages begins as the invagination of dental lamina becomes deep into the ectomesenchyme

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31
Q

What connects the bud to the dental lamina

A

the lateral lamina

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32
Q

what happens with the shape and function of the epithelial cells in the bud stage

A

there is little change in shape or function of epithelial cells in the bud stage

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33
Q

how many placodes or outgrowths dive down into the ectomesencyhme

A

20

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34
Q

what do the 20 placodes that invaginate into the ectomesenchyme form

A

the 20 primary teeth

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35
Q

does the development of teeth correspond to the erpution of teeth

A

yes

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36
Q

what are the first teeth to develop, and what follows

A

the anterior mandibular teeth are first, then the anterior maxilla, and lastly going anterior to posterior in both jaws

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37
Q

what are other names for tooth buds

A

dental buds, tooth primordia, or tooth germs

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38
Q

what are the abnormalities associated with the bud stage

A
  1. microdontia

2. macrodontia

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39
Q

What is microdontia

A

abnormally small tooth

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40
Q

which teeth are most affected by microdontia

A

maxillary lateral incisors and third molars

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41
Q

what is macrodontia

A

abnormally large teeth

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42
Q

what causes macrodontia of single teeth

A

hemifacial hypertrophy

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43
Q

What signals that the tooth germ has reached the cap stage

A
  1. the appearance of a cap

2. the creation of a three layered enamel organ

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44
Q

what are the three layers of the enamel organ

A

OEE (outer enamel epithelium)
IEE (inner enamel epithelium)
SR (stellate reticulum)

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45
Q

The cap begins to form around a condensed pile of ectomesenchyme, what is that pile called.

A

Dental papilla (underneath the cap)

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46
Q

What are the three parts of the tooth germ

A
  1. the enamel organ
  2. the dental papilla
  3. the dental follicle
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47
Q

what is the origin of the enamel organ

A

ectoderm

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48
Q

What does the dental papilla become

A

the dentin and pulp of the tooth

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49
Q

what does the dental follicle become

A

the periodontium

50
Q

what are the 5 parts of the enamel organ

A 
OEE (outer enamel epithelium)
SE (stellate reticulum)
SI (stellate/stratum intermediate)
IEE (inner enamel epithelium)
cervical loop
51
Q

What is the OEE

A

the convex layer (top or outside layer)

52
Q

What is the SR

A

cells between the IEE and OEE

53
Q

What is the SI

A

it is the lowest layer of SR between the SR and the IEE

54
Q

What does the SR do

A

it produces proteoglycans to maintain morphology of the enamel organ

55
Q

What does the SI do

A

it elaborates emnamel

it initiates the formation of dentin from the dental papilla cells

56
Q

What is the IEE

A

the concave layer (the part that is encasing the dental papilla)

57
Q

What is the cervical loop

A

it represents the preemptive cervix of the tooth (CEJ)

this is where the IEE and OEE meet

58
Q

What cells of the dental papilla do what

A

the inner cells will form the dental pulp

the peripheral cells will form the dentin

59
Q

where are the peripheral dental papilla cells located

A

against the basement membrane, opposite to the IEE

60
Q

How do those peripheral dental papilla cells end up making dentin

A

they differentiate into odontoblasts, then secrete dentin

61
Q

how does the structure of the dental follicle differ from the structure of the dental papilla

A

it is less cellular and more fibrous

62
Q

The dental papilla is the ectomesenchyme underneath the cap of enamel organ, where is the dental follicle

A

it surrounds both the enamel organ and the dental papilla

63
Q

What do the inner cells of the dental follicle become

A

they become cementocytes that will lay down cementum

64
Q

What do the outer cells of the dental follicle become

A

they become the PDL and contribute to alveolar bone formation

65
Q

How do the succedaneous teeth form

A

for the incisors, canines, and premolars, a succedaneous tooth germ breaks off of the deciduous tooth germ and will become the succedaneous teeth

66
Q

on which side of the deciduous tooth germ does the succedaneous tooth germ break off

A

the lingual side of the deciduous tooth germ

67
Q

how does the development of succadaneous teeth differ from the development of deciduous teeth

A

they develop in the same way that the deciduous teeth do

68
Q

how do the permanent molars develop

A

posterior extensions of the dental lamina on the flattened bony ramus of the mandible give rise to 3 tooth germs each

69
Q

are the permanent molars succedaneous

A

no, they are accessional teeth

70
Q

When do the permanent molars develop

A

the 5th month of gestation

71
Q

What is the vestibular lamina

A

another thickening and invagination intto the ectomesenchyme

72
Q

what does the vestibular lamina develop into

A

The epithelial lining of the
oral vestibule, alveolar mucosa, parts of the gingival mucosa, inner lip mucosa, mucosal space between the teeth and the cheeks or lips

it can also form salivary glands

73
Q

What are developmental abnormalities that arise during the cap stage of tooth development

A
  1. Dens in dente (dens invaginalis)
  2. Fusion
  3. Gemination
74
Q

What causes dens in dente

A

when the enamel organ expands too much and invaginates into the dental papilla

75
Q

What is fusion of teeth

A

when two teeth germs fuse it leads to two teeth that look like they are one (fewer # of teeth)

76
Q

What is gemination

A

one tooth germ trying to divide into another causes one tooth to look like two fused together (correct # of teeth)

77
Q

what supports the inferior most portion of the cervical loop

A

the basal lamina

78
Q

from a radiographic point of view what distinguises the bell stage from the cap stage

A

the lenthening of the cervical loop

79
Q

what are the two differentiations taking place during the bell stage

A

Morphodifferentiation

histodifferentiation

80
Q

what is morphodifferentiation mean in the bell stage

A

that the enamel organ takes the shape of an incisor, canine. or molar

81
Q

what is histodifferentiation in the bell stage

A

ameloblasts are odontoblasts aquire their phenotype

82
Q

What does the stellate reticulum do in the bell stage

A
  1. syntesize and secrete GAGs
  2. Draws in water
  3. desmosomal contacts are forced apart and become star shaped
  4. the cells transport nutrients and calcium from blood vessels to the ameloblasts
83
Q

what are the flat cells between the IEE and the SR

A

the stratum intermediate (SI)

84
Q

what kind of junctions are in the stratum intermediate

A

gap junctions

85
Q

what do the SI cells do

A

they have high alkaline phosphatase activity and they transport phosphate from blood vessles near the SI into the enamel organ

86
Q

What two layers work synergistically for the formation of enamel

A

the IEE and the SI

87
Q

What is the IEE

A

the group of short columnar cells facing the dental papilla

88
Q

What does the basal lamina become

A

it becomes the DEJ (dentinoenamel junction)

89
Q

is glycogen in high or low concentrations in the IEE

A

High

90
Q

What do the IEE cells become

A

they become ameloblasts

91
Q

Where is the OEE

A

the outer edge of the enamel organ

92
Q

What happens to the OEE is the bell stage

A

the cells elongate and the invaginated areas become occupied by blood vessels

93
Q

What is the name of the place where the OEE and the IEE meet?

A

cervical loop

94
Q

What is the thing called when the OEE and the IEE join

A

HERS (Hetwigs epithelial root sheat)

95
Q

what does HERS do

A

initaites root formation

96
Q

are cells at the cervical loop dividing quickly or slowely

A

quickly

97
Q

what marks the place where the crown and root meet

A

the cervical loop

98
Q

What are two important and specific events that take place during the bell stage

A
  1. Dental lamina/lateral lamina disintegrates

2. morphodifferentation establishes crown pattern and the number of cusps

99
Q

What reestablishes the tooths connection with the oral epithelium

A

junctional epithelium

100
Q

What must form before a tooth can function

A

the juncctional epitheliun

101
Q

which portion of the dental lamina doesn’t disintegrate

A

the posteriormost extent

102
Q

why does the posteriormost extent of the dental lamina not disintegrate

A

becuase itll elongate and be the precursor to the 12 permanent molars

103
Q

What initiates the crown pattern and number of cusps of a tooth (morphogenesis)

A

folding of the IEE

104
Q

what DOESN’T cause the specific folding of teeth to obtain correct crown shapes

A

growth pressures of the dental papilla

105
Q

what DOES cause the specific folding of teeth to obtain correct crown shapes

A

differential rates of mitotic division within the IEE

106
Q

Where do the odontoblasts and ameloblasts begin to lay down dentin and enamel

A

at the crest of the folded IEE (highest point of the papilla)

107
Q

What does the fragmentation of the dental lamina leave behind

A

discrete clusters of epithelial cells

108
Q

what is the name for the discrete clusters of epithelial cells that the fragmented dental lamina leaves behid

A
  1. epithelial pearls

2. Rests of Serres

109
Q

what happens to the epithelial pearls

A

they either become macrophages or they persist

if they persist they can become eruption cysts, or odontomes

110
Q

what kind of problems can come from epithelial pearls

A

they can form both eruption cysts

111
Q

what may also come of epithelial pearls

A

they may give rise to super numarary teeth

112
Q

what is an eruption cyst

A

a cyst formed by epithelial pearls

113
Q

what is a complication that eruption cysts can cause

A

they may keep a tooth from erupting

114
Q

How does the buckling of the IEE happen

A

the IEE is constrained between the cervicl loop and the cusp tip. so if that distance is fixed when there is rapid cell divisions, the IEE becomes buckled

115
Q

what does the buckling of the IEE create

A

the cuspal outline

116
Q

Where does IEE cell differentiation first occur

A

the site of future cusp development (growth center)

117
Q

what are the certain number of places where IEE cell differentiation first occurs

A

where the future cusps will be

118
Q

where are enamel and composite first deposited, and how does it progress from there

A

at the basal membrane at the tips of the papilla where the cusp tips will eventually be (growth centers)

119
Q

which parts of the tooth are mesodermal in origin

A

dentin, pulp, cementum, PDL

120
Q

which parts of the tooth are ectodermal in origin

A

the enamel

121
Q

which parts of the tooth are derived from neural crest cells

A

all but the enamel

122
Q

how much of the root has been formed by the time the tooth erupts

A

1/3 of the root has formed

DMD 5241 (10 decks)

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