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DMD 5241 > Pharyngeal Arch (complete) > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arch (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts that make up the pharyngeal apparatus

A
  1. Pharyngeal arches
  2. Pharyngeal grooves/crests
  3. Pharyngeal pouches
  4. Pharyngeal membrane
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2
Q

In what week does the pharyngeal apparatus begin to develop

A

in the 4th week

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3
Q

What happens simultaneously with the development of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

Neural crest cells migrate into the head and neck region

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4
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches and where are they located

A

They are the protrusions or bumps and they are on the external surface of the fetus

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5
Q

Where are the pharyngeal grooves/clefts and where are they located

A

they are the invaginations or indentations between the pharyngeal arches and they are on the external surface of the fetus

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6
Q

Where are the pharyngeal pouches and where are they located?

A

They are the indentations or invaginations on the internal surface of the fetus

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7
Q

What is found in each of the pharyngeal arches

A
  1. Nerve
  2. Muscle
  3. cartilage (bone precursor)
  4. Artery
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8
Q

Where do neural crest cells come from

A
  1. They begin as the borders of the neural plate
  2. when the neural plate folds up they form the layer of cells that converge upon each other
  3. when the neural tube is completely formed the neural crest cells follow the tube in and are sealed under the newly formed ectoderm.
  4. They then travel from the posterior/dorsal neural tube region to the anterior/ventral region
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9
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there

A

6 total, but the 5th disintegrates. so only 5 relevant ones

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10
Q

How many pharyngeal grooves/clefts are there

A

4

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11
Q

how many pharyngeal pouches are ther

A

4

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12
Q

What do the neural crest cells carry with them

A

their own genetic code

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13
Q

What is the stomodaeum

A

a cavity formed by the ectoderm folding in towards the buccopharyngeal membrane

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14
Q

What does the stomodaeum develop into

A

the mouth (oral cavity)

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15
Q

what is the stomodaeum lined with

A

ectoderm

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16
Q

What is the germ layer that is responsible for most things that develop in the oral cavity

A

the ectoderm

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17
Q

What separates the stomodaeum and the primitive pharynx

A

the buccopharyngeal membrane

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18
Q

What is another name for the arches that can be used instead of pharyngeal

A

brachial arches

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19
Q

What aggregates to form the arches, grooves/clefts, and pouches

A

mesenchyme

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20
Q

What makes up the external layer of the aches and grooves

A

ectoderm

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21
Q

what makes up the internal layer where the pouches are found

A

endoderm

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22
Q

What is the arch artery that develops from the 3rd arch

A

common carotid artery

root of internal carotid

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23
Q

What is the arch artery that develops from the 2nd arch

A 
stapedial artery (embryonic) 
corticotympanic (adult)
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24
Q

What is the arch artery that develops from the 6th arch

A

Ductus Arteriosus

root of definitive pulmonary arteries

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25
Q

What is the arch artery that develops from the 1st arch

A

Terminal branch of the maxillary artery

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26
Q

What is the arch artery that develops from the 4th arch

A

Arch of aorta

right subclavian artery

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27
Q

What are the skeletal elements that develop from the 1st arch

A
  1. Mandible
  2. Maxilla
  3. Incus
  4. Zygomatic bone
  5. malleus
  6. Squamuous portion of temporal bone
28
Q

What are the skeletal elements that develop from the 3rs arch

A

hyoid bone (part)

29
Q

What are the skeletal elements that develop from the 4th arch

A
  1. laryngeal cartilage (thyroid, cuneiform, cricoid, corniculus)
  2. possibly the epiglottis
30
Q

What are the skeletal elements that develop from the 6th arch

A
  1. laryngeal cartilage (thyroid, cuneiform, cricoid, corniculus)
31
Q

What are the skeletal elements that develop from the 2nd arch

A
  1. stapes
  2. styloid process
  3. hyoid (part)
32
Q

What are the muscles that develop from the 2nd arch

A

Muscles of facial expression

  1. obicularis oris
  2. orbicularis occuli
  3. buccinator
  4. frontalis
  5. platysma
33
Q

What are the muscles that develop from the 3rd arch

A
  1. stylopharyngeus
34
Q

What are the muscles that develop from the 1st arch

A

Muscles of mastication
1. masseter
2, temporalis
3. pterygoids

35
Q

What are the muscles that develop from the 4th arch

A

Constrictors of pharynx

36
Q

What are the muscles that develop from the 6th arch

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx

37
Q

What is the cranial nerve that develops from the 1st arch

A

Trigeminal nerve V

38
Q

What is the cranial nerve that develops from the 2nd arch

A

Facial Nerve VII

39
Q

What is the cranial nerve that develops from the 6th arch

A

Vagus nerve X

40
Q

What is the cranial nerve that develops from the 3rd arch

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

41
Q

What is the cranial nerve that develops from the 4th arch

A

Vagus nerve X

42
Q

What does the 1st cleft/groove form

A

External auditory meatus

external ear tube

43
Q

What does the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th clefts/grooves form

A

The Cervical Sinus

44
Q

What usually happens to the cervical sinus

A

It normally resorbs and goes away

45
Q

What happens if the cervical sinus doesn’t completely resorb

A

a cervical cyst or fistula develops

46
Q

What is the difference between a cyst and a fistula

A

A cyst doesn’t have any access to the external world

A fistula does have access to the external world, and can leak fluids

47
Q

What causes the formation of the cervical sinus

A

rapid proliferation of the 2nd pharyngeal arch that grows over the 2nd 3rd and 4th clefts

48
Q

Where would you see a cervical cyst or fistula

A

the Lateral border of the neck

49
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop into

A

the pharyngotympanic tube

inner ear tube

50
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop into

A

inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

51
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop into

A

palatine tonsil

52
Q

what does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop into

A

superior parathyroid gland and ultimo brachial body

53
Q

What does the ultimo brachial body interact with

A

the thymus

54
Q

How does the inferior parathyroid gland end up below the superior parathyroid gland when it starts out above it

A

the inferior parathyroid gland hitches a ride with the thymus, and that pulls it down below the superior parathyroid

55
Q

Where does the primitive thyroid form

A

at the midline of the pharynx just below the tuberculum impar

56
Q

Where does the thyroid originiate

A

the Foramen Cecum

57
Q

what does the migration of the thyroid form

A

the thyroglossal duct

58
Q

what can cause a thyroglossal duct cyst/foramen

A

when the thyroglossal duct formed by the migration of the thyroid doesn’t degenerate

59
Q

How can you distinguish between the thyroglossal cyst and the cervical cyst

A

cervical cysts will be lateral on the neck

thyroglossal cysts will be right in the middle of the neck

60
Q

When does the development of the tongue begin

A

the 4th week

61
Q

From what does the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue develop

A
  1. Lateral lingual swellings

2. tuberculum impar (median tongue bud)

62
Q

From what does the posterior 1/3rd or root of the tongue develop

A

From the copula

63
Q

From what do the lateral lingual swellings, the tuberculum impar, and therefor the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue develop

A

the 1st pharyngeal arch

64
Q

from what does the copula and therefor the posterior 2/3rds of the tongue develop

A

From arch #3

65
Q

what is the foramen cecum

A

a tiny hole through which the thyroid passes, this is the origin of the thyroid

DMD 5241 (10 decks)

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