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DMD 5241 > Gross Anatomy (complete) > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four different type of body sections or planes

A
  1. coronal/frontal
  2. sagittal
  3. transverse/horizontal/axial
  4. Oblique
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2
Q

what is a coronal/frontal plane

A

A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

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3
Q

What is a sagittal plane

A

a plane that divides the body into right and left parts

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4
Q

What is a midsagittal plane

A

a sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL right and left HALVES. it runs right down the middle of the body

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5
Q

what is a perisagittal plane

A

a saggital plane that doesn’t run right down the center of the body

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6
Q

What is a transverse/horizontal/axial plane

A

a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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7
Q

what is an oblique plane

A

a plane that divides the body at an angle

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8
Q

What does anterior mean

A

closer to the front

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9
Q

what does caudal mean

A

tail or rear end

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10
Q

what does posterior mean

A

closer to the back

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11
Q

What does medial mean

A

towards the midline

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12
Q

What does dorsal mean

A

back side (not butt, back)

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13
Q

what does lateral mean

A

away from the midline

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14
Q

what does ventral mean

A

belly side

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15
Q

what does superficial meann

A

on the outside

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16
Q

what does superior mean

A

closer to the head (above)

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17
Q

what does deep mean

A

on the inside

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18
Q

what does inferior mean

A

closer to the feet (below)

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19
Q

What does proximal mean

A

closer to the point of attachment. (used for limbs)

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20
Q

What does cranial mean

A

head end

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21
Q

What does distal mean

A

further from the point of attachment (used for limbs)

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22
Q

describe anatomical position

A
  1. standing upright
  2. feet parallel and flat on the floor
  3. head level, eyes foreward
  4. arms at the side of the body
  5. palms facing anteriorly
  6. thumbs pointed laterally
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23
Q

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology

A

anatomy is the study of structure
physiology is the study of function
both highly affect the other

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24
Q

What does it mean to be lying supine

A

to be lying on your back

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25
Q

what does it mean to be lying prone

A

to be lying on your belly

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26
Q

What is the anatomical name for the forehead

A

frontal

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27
Q

What is the anatomical name for the nose

A

nasa

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28
Q

What is the anatomical name for the eye

A

ocular or orbital

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29
Q

What is the anatomical name for the ear

A

otic

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30
Q

What is the anatomical name for the cheek

A

buccal

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31
Q

What is the anatomical name for the neck

A

cervical

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32
Q

What is the anatomical name for the chest

A

thoracic, thorax

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33
Q

What is the anatomical name for the breast

A

mammary

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34
Q

What is the anatomical name for the Abs

A

abdominal, abdomen

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35
Q

What is the anatomical name for the bellybutton area

A

umbilical or navel

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36
Q

What is the anatomical name for the head

A

cephalic

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37
Q

What is the anatomical name for the skull

A

cranial

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38
Q

What is the anatomical name for the face

A

facial

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39
Q

What is the anatomical name for the mouth

A

oral

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40
Q

What is the anatomical name for the chin

A

mental

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41
Q

What is the anatomical name for the armpit

A

axillary

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42
Q

What is the anatomical name for the upper arm

A

brachial

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43
Q

What is the anatomical name for the inner elbow

A

antecubital

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44
Q

What is the anatomical name for the forearm

A

antebrachial

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45
Q

What is the anatomical name for the wrist

A

carpal

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46
Q

What is the anatomical name for the palm

A

palmar

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47
Q

What is the anatomical name for the thumb

A

pollex

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48
Q

What is the anatomical name for the digits

A

phalanges

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49
Q

What is the anatomical name for the fingers

A

digital or phalangeal

50
Q

What is the anatomical name for the kneecap

A

patellar

51
Q

What is the anatomical name for the anterior lower leg

A

crural

52
Q

What is the anatomical name for the ankle

A

tarsal

53
Q

What is the anatomical name for the toes

A

digital, phalangeal

54
Q

What is the anatomical name for the big toe

A

hallux

55
Q

What is the anatomical name for the foot

A

pedal

56
Q

What is the anatomical name for the thigh

A

femoral

57
Q

What is the anatomical name for the pubic region

A

pubic, pubis

58
Q

What is the anatomical name for the groin

A

inguinal

59
Q

What is the anatomical name for the hand

A

manual

60
Q

What is the anatomical name for the pelvis

A

pelvic

61
Q

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder

A

acromial

62
Q

What is the anatomical name for the back of the elbow

A

olecranal

63
Q

What is the anatomical name for the lower back

A

lumbar or loin

64
Q

What is the anatomical name for the butt

A

gluteal

65
Q

What is the anatomical name for the back of the knee

A

popliteal

66
Q

What is the anatomical name for the posterior lower leg

A

sural

67
Q

What is the anatomical name for the heel

A

calcaneal

68
Q

What is the anatomical name for the sole of the foor

A

plantar

69
Q

What is the anatomical name for the back

A

dorsal

70
Q

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade

A

scapular

71
Q

What is the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Organelle level
  3. Cellular level
  4. Tissue level
  5. Organ level
  6. Organ system level
  7. Organism level
72
Q

How can you remember the levels of the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest

A

COCTOOO (almost like the Cockatoo bird)

73
Q

What are the main organs of the integumentary system

A
  1. skin and associated exocrine glands
  2. Hair
  3. nails
74
Q

What is the main function of the integumentary system

A

protection from the external environment
eliminates waste
regulate temperature

75
Q

What are the main organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones (skull, ribs, etc…)

ligaments

76
Q

What are the main functions of the skeletal system

A

Assists in movement
protections
houses blood protection
mineral storage

77
Q

What are the main organs of the muscular system

A

Skeletal muscle

tendons

78
Q

What is the main functions of the muscular system

A

provide movement (muscles under voluntary control)

79
Q

What are the main organs of the nervous system

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS (nerves throughout the body)
Sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc..)

80
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system

A

regulation of growth, metabolism, and sexual development

81
Q

What are the main organs of the endocrine system

A

Testes, ovaries
hypothalamus
thyroiid
thymus

82
Q

What are the main organs of the cardiovascular system

A

heart
veins
arteries

83
Q

what are the main functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transportation of oxygen, water, and nutrients

dispose of metabolic wastes

84
Q

What are the main organs of the Lymphatic system

A

tonsils
thymus
spleen
lymph nodes and vessels

85
Q

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system

A

Defends the body against bacteria and infection

transportation of fats and fatty acids

86
Q

What are the main organs of the respiratory system

A 
lungs
nose
pharynx 
larynx
diaphragm
87
Q

What are the main functions of the respiratory system

A

provides the oxygen for the body

88
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system

A

processes food for the energy you need

disposes of waste

89
Q

what are the main organs of the digestive system

A 
mouch
stomach
teeth
liver
esophagus
intestines
90
Q

What are the main functions of the urinary system

A

waste removal

blood pressure regulation

91
Q

What are the main organs of the urinary system

A

kindeys
bladder
ureter
urethra

92
Q

What are the main organs of the reproductive system

A

Testes/ovaries
scrotum
penis/vagina
mammary glands

93
Q

what are the main functions of the reproductive system

A

production of offspring

production of hormones

94
Q

What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
left lower quadrant
right lower quadrant

95
Q

What is found in the right upper quadrant

A

liver

gallbladder

96
Q

What is found in the left upper quadrant

A

stomach

97
Q

What is found in the left lower quadrant

A

intestines

urinary bladder

98
Q

what is found in the right lower quadrant

A

intestines
urinary bladder
appendix

99
Q

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions

A 
(right section top to bottom)
1. right hypochondriac
2. right lumbar
3. right inguinal
(left section top to bottom)
4. left hypochondriac
5. left lumbar
6. left inguinal
(middle section top to bottom)
7. Epigastic
8. umbilical 
9. hypogastric (pubic)
100
Q

What are the two main body cavities

A

dorsal cavity

ventral cavity

101
Q

What are the components of the dorsal cavity

A

cranial cavity

vertebral cavity

102
Q

what is located in the cranial cavity

A

the brain

103
Q

what is located in the vertebral cavity

A

the spine

104
Q

What are the components of the ventral cavity

A

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

105
Q

What are the components of the thoracic cavity

A 
pleural cavity (2)
mediastinum
pericardial cavity (specific part of the mediastinum)
106
Q

What are the components of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

107
Q

What divides the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity

A

the diaphragm

108
Q

What is found in the pleural cavities

A

the lungs

109
Q

what is found in the pericardial cavity

A

the heart

110
Q

what is found in the abdominal cavity

A

many digestive glands and organs

111
Q

what is found in the pelvic cavity

A

urnary bladder and reproductive organs

112
Q

What are serous membranes

A

the continuous lwo-layered sack inside the body cavities

113
Q

What are the two layers of serous membranes

A
  1. visceral layer

2. parietal layer

114
Q

what surface does the visceral layer of serous membranes cover

A

the organs

115
Q

what surface does the parietal layer of serous membranes cover

A

it lines the body cavities

116
Q

What is found between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes

A

serous fluid

117
Q

what is the function of the serous fluid

A

reduce friction caused by the movement of organs in the body cavities

118
Q

What are the three specific serous membranes

A

pleura
pericardium
peritoneum

119
Q

what does the pleura serous membrane house

A

the lungs

120
Q

what does the pericadium serous membrane house

A

the heart

121
Q

what does the peritoneum serous membrane house

A

most digestive organs (the abdominopelvic cavity)

DMD 5241 (10 decks)

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