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DMD 5241 > Oral and Nasal Cavity (complete) > Flashcards

Oral and Nasal Cavity (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the lip

A
  1. Vermillion Zone
  2. Vermillion border
  3. Lower lip
  4. Upper lip
  5. Tubercle
  6. Labial commisure
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2
Q

What is the vermillion zone

A

The whole area that the lips cover

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3
Q

What is the vermillion border

A

The outline of your lips

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4
Q

What is the tubercle of the lips

A

The bump right in the middle of the upper lip

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5
Q

What is the labial commisure

A

the corners of your mouth

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6
Q

From which arch do the mandibular and maxillary prominences come from

A

The 1st arch

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7
Q

What are the steps of formation of the nose and nasal cavity

A
  1. The nasal/olfactory placode forms
  2. The medial and lateral nasal prominences develop around the nasal pit
  3. The nasal pit invaginates further dorsally
  4. The nasal prominences converge to form the nasal sac
  5. The nasal sac continues to invaginate dorsally above the stomadeum
  6. the oronassal membrane degrades and ruptures, the oral and nasal cavity are joined, forming the Choanae
  7. The primary palate is formed
  8. The nasal conchae form.
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8
Q

What is the Nasal pit

A

an Ectodermal invagination

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9
Q

What germ layer is the Nasal sac made from

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

What is the Choanae

A

The shared cavity between the nasal and oral cavities

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11
Q

What causes the formation of the sinuses?

A

Diverticulations from the nasal cavity (Outgrowths from the nasal cavity)

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12
Q

What are the four sinuses of the face

A
  1. Maxillary
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Frontal
  4. Sphenoid
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13
Q

When do the sinuses completely form

A

from late pregnancy to years after birth

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14
Q

What are the purposes of the sinuses

A
  1. Humidify air
  2. speech
  3. Lightens the skull while maintaining strength
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15
Q

What kind of cells make up the epithelium in the nasal cavity and sinuses

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia

and goblet cells

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16
Q

What is the lamina propria in relation to the nasal cavity and sinuses

A

it is the layer of vascularized connective tissue just below the pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

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17
Q

Why is the epithelium of the nasal cavity and sinuses pseudostratified columnar with cilia

A
  1. because it can easily replace lost cells

2. because the cilia help move mucus and debris

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18
Q

What do the goblet cells in the nasal cavity and sinuses do

A

they secrete mucosa

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19
Q

How does the epithelium of the sinuses differ from the nasal epithelium

A

It has thinner mucosa than the nasal cavity, with fewer goblet cells

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20
Q

How sensitive to infection are the nasal cavity and sinuses

A

very sensitive to infection

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21
Q

What is the philtrum

A

the little indentation directly between the base of your nose and directly above the center of your lips

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22
Q

what prominence of embryology gives rise to the bone underneath the philtrum

A

the frontonasal prominence

23
Q

from which arch does meckels cartilage come

A

the 1st arch

24
Q

do the two opposing sides of meckels cartilage come completely together

A

no, but close they are only separated by a symphysis

25
Q

What type of ossification does meckels cartilage assist in

A

intramembranous ossification

26
Q

How does meckels cartilage assist in intramembranous ossification

A

it signals to the cells around it to become bone

27
Q

How much of meckels cartilage is still in us

A

barely any

28
Q

Where might we find portions of meckels cartilage still

A

the bones of the ear

29
Q

What are the parts of the palate

A
  1. primary palate

2. secondary palate

30
Q

What are the other names for the primary palate

A

the premaxilla

median palatine process

31
Q

What portion of the palate does the primary palate form

A

the most anterior portion

32
Q

What forms the secondary palate

A

Swellings from the lateral maxilla that meet in the middle and fuse

33
Q

What are the swellings from the lateral maxilla that eventually fuse and for the secondary palate called

A

the palatine shelves

34
Q

in what direction does this fusion of palatine shelves to form the secondary palatine occur

A

it begins at the anterior end and fuses toward the posterior end

35
Q

Does the secondary palate include the hard and soft palate

A

yes

36
Q

what is the third outgrowth that meets up with the palatine plates that are fusing to for the secondary palate

A

the nasal septum

37
Q

from where does the nasal septum grow, and what does it eventually fuse with

A

it grows downward from the top of the nasal cavity and fuses with the secondary palate (palatine shelves)

38
Q

What are the steps of the formation of the palate

A
  1. posterior growth of the primary palate
  2. inferior growth of the palatine shelves and nasal septum
  3. mandibular growth allows the tongue to depress enough for the palatine shelves to pass over it
  4. poseterior portion of the primary palate begins to fuse with the secondary palate
  5. Nasal septum and palatine plates all fuse
39
Q

Where is the incisive foramen

A

its found where the primary palate and the secondary palates converge.

40
Q

which teeth are in the primary palate

A

the maxillary incisors

41
Q

Where does the secondary palate begin and end

A

it runs from the incisive foramen to the uvula

42
Q

What are the parts of the hard palate

A
  1. primary palate
  2. anterior portion of the palatine shelves
  3. Nasal septum
43
Q

What are the parts of the soft palate

A

posterior portion of the palatine shelves to the uvula

44
Q

Where can clefts occur in facial development

A

at any point where prominences are fusing

45
Q

what results in a cleft

A

when prominences fail to fuse

46
Q

Which clefts are the most common

A

between the mesionasal prominences

47
Q

From which two pharyngeal arches does the majority of the tongue come from

A

1st and 3rd

48
Q

What are the four initial growths that develop into the tongue

A

1 & 2. lateral lingual swellings

  1. Tuberculum Impar
  2. copula
49
Q

What develops into the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

the lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar from the 1st arch

50
Q

What develops into the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

the copula, mostly from the 3rd arch

51
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue

A

skeletal muscle

52
Q

From where does the muscle of the tongue come

A

Occipital somites

53
Q

What are the different types of papillae of the tongue

A

circumvallate
foliate
fungiform
filiform

DMD 5241 (10 decks)

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