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Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

the mature tooth rests in a boney
socket and is held in place by
_________

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

during initiaton of tooth development, ectoderm lining stomodeum gives rise to _______ and then to _______; adjacent to deeper ectomesenchyme, which is derived from the ________ where both tissue types are separated by a _______

A

oral epithelium, dental lamina, neural crest
cells, basement membrane

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3
Q

the bud stage begins around the ______ week

A

eighth

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4
Q

the main process of the bud stage is ________

A

proliferation

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5
Q

the bud stage begins the growth of dental lamina into bud shape that penetrates growing ________

A

ectomesenchyme

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6
Q

the cap stage begins around the ________ week

A

ninth to tenth

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7
Q

the main processes of the cap stage are _______, _______, and ________

A

proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis

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8
Q

the cap stage begins with the formation of tooth germ as _______ forms into cap shape that surrounds inside mass of _______ , with an outside mass of dental sac (DS), both from the
ectomesenchyme

A

enamel organ (EO), dental papilla(DP)

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9
Q

the bell stage begins around the _________ week

A

eleventh to twelth

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10
Q

the main processes of the bell stage inlcude ________, _______, and _______

A

Proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis

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11
Q

during the bell stage the differentiation of enamel organ into bell shape with ______ cell types and dental papilla into ______ cell types

A

four, two

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12
Q

the apposition stage begins at various times and the main processes include ______ and ______

A

induction, proliferation

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13
Q

during the apposition stage the dental tissue types are secreted in successive layers as _______.

A

matrix

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14
Q

the maturation stage begins at various times and the main process is _________

A

maturation

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15
Q

during the maturation stage, the dental tissue types fully ________ to mature form

A

mineralize

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16
Q

_______ is a process wherein one tissue directs the development of another adjacent tissue and mediated by ________ or factors released by the ________

A

induction, cell-contact, inducing
tissue

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17
Q

induction signals usually regulate ________ thereby leading the target cells toward differentiating into a specific cell type

A

gene transcription,

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18
Q

Induction can be ______ and _______ so that tissue A induces
tissue B and in turn later on tissue B then induces tissue A

A

serial, reciprocal

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19
Q

Primary Epithelial band gives rise to ______ and ________

A

Dental lamina, Vestibular Lamina

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20
Q

the epithelial band is a result of _______ and change of orientation of mitotic cells

A

mitosis

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21
Q

meckel’s cartilage is part of the ectomesenchyme that gives rise to part of the _______ and mental portion of the _______

A

inner ear, mandible

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22
Q

The ________ is requisite for tooth development

A

mandibular epithelium

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23
Q

the ectomesenchyme cells will become the _______

A

dental papilla

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24
Q

two important ligands involved in tooth development include __________ and __________

A

fibroblast growth factors (FGF), bone morphogenetic proteins

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25
Q

Transcription factors are proteins in the nucleus that regulate the
pattern of _______

A

gene expression

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26
Q

Ectoderm derived FGF-8 regulates gene expression in ________

A

ectomesenchyme

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27
Q

FGF-8 induces _______ and ______ in
ectomesenchyme very early in development

A

Lhx-6, Lhx-7

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28
Q

FGF-8 is highly expressed in the ______ arch ectoderm but if the ______ arch ectoderm is used in culturing experiments the expression of FGF-8 is low and tooth placodes do not form

A

first, second

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29
Q

Expression of the PAX9 transcription factor in ectomesenchymal cells is required to differentiate into __________

A

DENTAL ectomesenchymal cells

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30
Q

dental placode formation requires _________ for mitosis, ________ for apoptosis and cell division and _________

A

transcription factor p63, tumor necrosis factor, ectodysplasin

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31
Q

Ectodysplasin (Eda) transmembrane
protein that can be cleaved by ______ to produce a secreted form, involved in morphogenesis were loss of function causes ______ and over expression caused _______

A

furin, fewer teeth, extra teeth

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32
Q

sonic hedgehog (shh) has roles in ______ development, _______ differentiation, ______ morphogenesis, ______ development, and forming the ______ of the body

A

limb, neural, facial, hair and feather, midline

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33
Q

sonic hedgehog is important for _______ and ________

A

invagination, tooth development

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34
Q

Once ectomesenchyme has been
under the control of the epithelium in early tooth development it now is competent to drive tooth formation from ________ and later on the _______ takes over

A

skin epithelium, neural crest

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35
Q

during tooth bud proliferation the _______ invaginates and moves into the ectomesenchyme that is made up of _________

A

oral ectoderm, neural crest cells

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36
Q

the tooth bud stage is the stage where the ______ has a significant effect directing the development of the tooth

A

ectoderm

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37
Q

The ectoderm of the dental lamina plus the underlying ectomesenchyme develop into the _______

A

tooth germ

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38
Q

during the cap stage as the ectoderm develops and invaginates
into the ectomesenchyme it begins to surround the cells that will become the _______

A

dental papilla

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39
Q

the six molecules involved in the bud and cap stages includes _____, ______, _____, ______, _____ and _____

A

msx-1, bmp-4, bmp-2, SHH, activin-BA, Pax-9

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40
Q

SHH is needed for the _____ stage

A

cap

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41
Q

activin-BA and Pax-9 permit development past the ____ stage

A

bud

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42
Q

The cap stage sees the formation of the dental organ (tooth germ) which includes the ________, _______ and ________

A

Enamel organ, Dental papilla, Dental follicle

43
Q

The enamel organ is attached to the
ectoderm by the _________,
has an _____ enamel epithelium, an ______ enamel epithelium all surrounding a _______

A

dental lamina, outer, inner, stellate reticulum

44
Q

Within the enamel organ, cells of the developing stellate reticulum secrete ________ accumulate which are ______ and draw in _____

A

glycosaminoglycans
(GAGs), hydrophilic, water

45
Q

Water accumulation forms stellate reticulum by separating cells that remain attached in part through _______

A

desmosomes

46
Q

the stellate reticulum is transient and lost after ______ formation

A

enamel

47
Q

the enamel organ will eventually form the _______ of the tooth

A

enamel

48
Q

the dental papilla will eventually form the _______ and ______ of the tooth

A

dentin, pulp

49
Q

the dental sac/follicle will eventually form the _____, ______, and ______

A

Cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar process

50
Q

Enamel “knot” are clusters of non-
dividing epithelial cells and are part of the ______ enamel epithelium

A

inner

51
Q

in the enamel knot there is expression of FGF4, _____ first, then ______, and then ______, _____, _____, and _____

A

p21, SHH, Bmp2,4,7, Fgf-4.9, Wnt-10b, Slit-1

52
Q

the outer enamel epithelium serves as protective barrier for the ______

A

enamel organ

53
Q

stellate reticulum supports the production of _________

A

enamel matrix

54
Q

the stratum intermedium between the _____ enamel epithelium and _________ supports the production of _________

A

inner, stellate reticulum, enamel matrix

55
Q

the inner enamel epithelium will differentiate into _______ that form enamel matrix

A

ameloblasts

56
Q

outer cells of dental papilla will differentiate into ______ that form dentin matrix

A

odontoblasts

57
Q

Central cells of dental papilla will differentiate into ________

A

pulp tissue

58
Q

inner enamel epithelium cells are cuboidal with centrally placed nuclei and will differentiate into _______ epithelium

A

preameloblasts

59
Q

preameloblasts epithelium cells are columnar with nuclei closer to the __________

A

stratum intermedium

60
Q

during the bell stage the tooth assumes its ______

A

final shape

61
Q

Early in the Bell Stage the tooth germ maintains contact with the ectoderm via the dental lamina and
proceeding through the Bell Stage
______ and _______ begin to form

A

enamel, dentin

62
Q

________ is found in the inner enamel epithelium

A

Glycogen

63
Q

_________ is found in the stratum intermedium

A

Alkaline phosphatase

64
Q

The junction of the inner and outer enamel epithelium is the _______

A

cervical loop

65
Q

in the later bell stage the dental
lamina break up so tooth no longer connected to _______

A

oral epithelium

66
Q

the apposition stage is also called the secretory stage were _____ , ____ and ______ are secreted

A

dentin, cementum, enamel

67
Q

_______ is where ectodermal tissue of the enamel organ and ectomesenchymal tissue of the dental papilla and dental sac interact to signal the other layer to differentiate and begin secretion

A

Reciprocal Induction

68
Q

Preameloblasts induce the outer dental papilla cells to become _______

A

odontoblasts

69
Q

Preameloblasts become polarized with the base of the cell located along the _______

A

stratum intermedium

70
Q

________ are polarized in the opposite direction of the ameloblasts and the nucleus is at the opposite end of the cell from the ______

A

Odontoblasts, dentin

71
Q

Polarized odontoblasts secrete _______ toward the preameloblasts

A

predentin

72
Q

after predentin formation, preameloblasts are induced to
become presecretory and then secretory ameloblast which then secrete ______

A

enamel

73
Q

Preameloblasts become _________ and they begin amelogenesis

A

ameloblasts

74
Q

Tomes processes of
ameloblasts appear as the
enamel matrix is produced where predentin is made and
forms around ________

A

dentinal tubules

75
Q

Dentinal tubules contain
odontoblastic processes and some odontoblast processes get surrounded by enamel at the tips and become _______

A

enamel spindles

76
Q

the appositional stage is where _______ and _______ are formed

A

dentin, enamel

77
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta in the permanent dentition is a hereditary type of enamel dysplasia where the teeth have either _______ or _______ that chips off, leaving the yellow crowns of dentin, which undergo extreme attrition

A

no enamel, very thin enamel

78
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta in the permanent dentition is a hereditary type of dentin dysplasia that results in _______ with an opalescent sheen, chipped enamel, and crowns of dentin with severe attrition

A

blue-gray teeth

79
Q

The cervical loop is responsible for ___________

A

root formation

80
Q

Inner enamel epithelium of
________ induces odontoblasts of the
root

A

Hertwigs root sheath (HERS)

81
Q

After root dentin formation the
_______ disintegrates

A

HERS

82
Q

Some epithelial cells of the HERS may remain as Cell rests of
_______, they may become cystic and are susceptible to infection and they end up being located in the ________

A

Malassez, Periodontal Ligament

83
Q

after the HERS disintegrates, cells of dental sac contact root dentin and become _________ which lay down
cementum

A

cementoblasts

84
Q

cells are surrounded by cementum and become _________

A

cementocytes

85
Q

dental lamina forms at around ____ to ___ days

A

42, 48

86
Q

the bud stage of deciduous incisors, canines and molars begins at ___ to ____ days

A

55, 56

87
Q

bell stage for deciduous teeth and bud stage for permanent teeth begins at around _____ weeks

A

14

88
Q

dentin and functional ameloblasts in deciduous teeth begins at around ____ weeks

A

18

89
Q

dentin and functional ameleoblasts in permanent first molars begins at ____ weeks

A

32

90
Q

primary dentition begins to form at around ______ weeks in utero

A

6-8

91
Q

successional/permanent teeth from the successional lamina begin forming at the _____ week of gestation to ______ postnatal month

A

20th, 10th

92
Q

the first molars begin forming at around the ______ week of gestation onward

A

20th

93
Q

third molars begin forming at around the ______ of life

A

5th year

94
Q

Successional lamina arises from the _______ and gives rise to ________

A

dental lamina, permanent teeth

95
Q

the successional lamina gives rise to the _____, _____ and _____

A

incisors, canines, premolars

96
Q

Permanent molars arise ______from dental lamina

A

de novo

97
Q

the permanent molars grow _______ as jaw enlarges

A

posteriorly

98
Q

The reduced enamel epithelium
appears as the tooth moves to
erupt and it consists of the fused _______ enamel epithelium, _________, __________ and ________

A

outer, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium, ameloblasts

99
Q

during eruption, as _______ enamel epithelium reaches ______
epithelium they fuse and epithelial integrity is maintained

A

reduced, oral

100
Q

Central cells degenerate and
form the _________ and the rest of cells form the _______ epithelium and the ______ epithelium

A

eruption canal, junctional, gingival

101
Q

the shape of a tooth is the result of ________ activity

A

differential mitotic

102
Q

The type of tooth that develops once past the bud stage is dependent of the _______ and not the ______

A

ectomesenchyme, ectoderm

103
Q

_______ genes are transcription factors actin in the nucleus to
regulate patters on gene expression and thus cell differentiation and
development

A

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Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 (11 decks)

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