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Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 > periodontium > Flashcards

periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

the periodontal tissues of the tooth include the ______, _______, ________ processes, and _______ facing tooth

A

cementum, periodontal ligament, boney alveolar, gingiva

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2
Q

the functions of the periodontium include _______ teeth to the alveolar processes, accommodate functional & morphologic changes by acting as a damper of forces applied, allows changes in position of teeth due to _______, promotes repair of _______ e.g., root fractures, seals bone & connective tissue from _______ agents in the oral cavity

A

anchoring, growth, injuries, infectious

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2
Q

gomphosis is the ______ that binds the teeth to bony teeth _______ in the maxillary bone and mandible

A

joint, sockets

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3
Q

the gomphosis is a unique _______ that is formed from _______

A

fibrous joint, ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

the periodontal pocket is normally ______ in depth and has a ______ on its surface which is a layer of bacteria

A

1-2 mm, biofilm

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5
Q

cementum is similar to bone in composition with ______ organic material, collagen type I,III, XII(PDL) a little of V, VI and XIV, ______ mineral hydroxyapatite, and ______ water

A

23%, 65%, 12%

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6
Q

the proteins of the cementum include bone ______, _______, ________, ________, Dentin matrix protein __, and Dentin ________

A

sialoprotein, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, Osteonectin, 1, sialoprotein

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7
Q

cementum is ______ and covers the root of the teeth

A

avascular

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8
Q

cementum is formed in two stages; ________ that covers the dentin and is formed during root formation and ________ that forms once teeth are erupted and in occlusion

A

pre-functional/primary, functional/secondary

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9
Q

the functions of the cementum include covering root _______, provide a site of ______ for periodontal fibers, and compensate for changes in surrounding ______

A

dentinal tubules, attachment, bone

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10
Q

cementum without cells is called _______ cementum or ______ cementum

A

acellular, primary

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11
Q

in primary cementum _______ layers covers entire root surface and it is the first cementum to be _____

A

one or more , formed

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12
Q

cementum with cells is called ______ cementum or ________ cementum

A

cellular, secondary

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13
Q

secondary cementum is involved with tooth movement, repair, readjustment to changes in bone, usually covers the ________ of root and _________ (within roots) surfaces (e.g., sites where alveolar bone and tooth overlap) and it is the last cementum to be formed after ______ and occlusion

A

apical third, interradicular, eruption

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14
Q

fibrillar cementum is with well defined collagen type ___

A

1

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15
Q

afibrillar cementum is without well defined collage type ______

A

1

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16
Q

extrinsic fiber cementum is with ______ collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament

A

extrinsic

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17
Q

intrinsic fiber cementum is with ______ collagen fibers made by ___________ mostly found in _______ cementum

A

intrinsic, cementoblasts, reparative

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17
Q

primary cementum is formed at a _____ rate, with no embedded _______ and width is ______ over time

A

slower, cementocytes, constant

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18
Q

secondary cementum is formed at a ______ rate with embedded ______ and can ______ over time

A

faster, cementocytes, widen

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19
Q

Cementum exposed in periodontal disease is a dull pale yellow, darker than enamel and feels ________ compared with harder, smoother enamel

A

grainy

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20
Q

cemental caries increases in older
patients due to ________ exposing the
cementum to the oral cavity and biofilms, pain is a ______ finding and thus the lesions can be ______

A

gingival regression, late, large

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21
Q

primary cementum has cementoblasts at the _____

A

surface

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22
Q

the primary cementum has a junction with dentin called the __________ which is an intermingling of cementum and dentin

A

tome’s granular layer

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23
Q

_______ are perpendicular to the cementodentine junction

A

collagen fibers

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24
Q

the extrinsic collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament penetrate the _______

A

cementum

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25
Q

sharpey’s fibers are the same as extrinsic fibers and they run through the periodontal ligament and similarly insert into the ________

A

alveolar bone

26
Q

cementoblasts synthesize collagen fibers which intermingle with collagen fibers of _____ with the organic component (_______) becoming mineralized soon after

A

dentin, cementoid

27
Q

cementum has two types of striations being the ________ striations that reflect the insertion of the PDL fibers and the _____ incremental layers reflect sequential layering of cementum

A

horizontal, parallel

28
Q

secondary cementum is found in the ______ of the roots, forms in the interradicular regions of the premolar and molar teeth, and teeth with ________ do not have much of any secondary cementum

A

apical 3rd, one root

29
Q

once the teeth are erupted and there is occlusion then ________ is formed

A

secondary cementum

30
Q

cementoid is the ________ deposited by cementocytes

A

collagen matrix

31
Q

cementoid is unmineralized and becomes mineralized by trapping the ________

A

cementoblasts

32
Q

cementoblasts from _______ are on the surface of the cementum

A

ectomesenchyme

33
Q

cementocytes are in the lacunae/ trapped in the secondary cementum, they contain processes in canaliculi projecting towards the _______ which is vascularized, and they also transport ______ to the cell body

A

PDL, nutrients

34
Q

canaliculi of the cementocytes are directed towards the tooth surface to promote the transfer of ______

A

nutrients

35
Q

acellular extrinsic fiber cementum attaches the cementum to the ______, main cementum in tooth ________, and covers the _______

A

PDL, attachment, whole root

36
Q

cellular cementum is located apically and intraradicularly, not necessary for _______ the tooth and is more involved in ______ functions

A

supporting, reparative

37
Q

cementum enamel junction contains overlapping cementum, a ______ between cementum and enamel,

A

gap

38
Q

__________ is located at the junction of the inner and outer enamel epithelial

A

hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

39
Q

upon fragmentation of hertwig’s root sheath predentin induces differentiation of ________

A

cementoblasts

40
Q

cells that become cementoblasts are either _______ origin or possibly _______ cells

A

neural crest, root sheath

41
Q

the HER’s induces pulp to form _______ which produce predentin, the root sheath fragments exposing ________ cells to the developing dentin and cells of the dental follical/sac give rise to _______ in response to dentin formation

A

odontoblasts, dental follicle/sac, cementoblasts

42
Q

the perforating collagen fibers (extrinsic/sharpey’s) of the periodontal ligament pass between _______ early in cementum development and thus becoming embedded in the _______

A

cementoblasts, inorganic matrix

43
Q

HERs cells contribute to the formation of the ________

A

cell rests of malassez

44
Q

other HERs cells migrate _____ from the dentin towards the dental sac as cementum is laid down, some become _______ in the developing cementum and become the ________ found in the periodontal ligament

A

away, trapped, epithelial cell of malassez

45
Q

epithelial rest of malassez are found in ______ or in ______ along the cementum

A

clusters, long strands

46
Q

cementicles are mineralized acelluar cementum spheres at the _______ or ______ and is the only acellular cementum formed later in life and they increase with age

A

cemental root , PDL

47
Q

hypercementatosis is the excessive production of _______ cementum which can be caused by ________ and other pathological conditions

A

secondary cellular, occlusal trauma

48
Q

the alveolar bone has an outer (buccal or lingual) ________, _______ bone and bone lining the ________

A

cortical plate, spongy , alveolus

49
Q

the alveolar bone proper (lamina dura) is the ______ of the alveolar process that faces the tooth

A

surface

50
Q

cortical bone is also called ______

A

bundle bone

51
Q

bundle bone is often _______ due to tooth movement like Invisalign, stressors or periodontitis

A

remodeled

52
Q

the periodontal ligament supports, attaches, and cushions teeth, contains a _____ and attaches to _______ and ______

A

high nerve supply, alveolar bone, cementum

53
Q

the PDL comes from the _______ and starts around the ________

A

ectomesenchyme, enamel organ

54
Q

ectomesenchyme gives rise to ______, _______, _______, _______, ________, collagen fibers type ____ and _____ and _____ fibers

A

fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoclasts, I, III, elastic

55
Q

collagen forms the _____ cells and osteoblasts develop and form the ______

A

dental sac, alveolar bone

56
Q

the periodontal ligament componants includes collagen type ___ and ____ and _____ microfibrils that embed into the cementum and the lamina dura of the alveolar bone

A

I, III, elastic

57
Q

the periodontal ligament is remodeled in response to _______ like chewing and orthodontics, ________ low vitamin C which will cause impaired collagen production and ______ which causes it to be more fibrous, less cellular and replacement decreases

A

use/manipulation, metabolic, aging

58
Q

the 5 groups of fibers of the PDL that connect bone to tooth include the _______ group, the ______ group, the ______ group, the ________ group and the ________ group which attaches the whole surface of the interface between alveolar bone and the tooth

A

alveolar crest , horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular

59
Q

fibers that attach bone to tooth in the PDL also include the _______ that attaches tooth to gingiva, the _________ that attaches the tooth to the outer crest of the alveolar bone, the _______ attaches the crest of the alveolar bone to the gingiva, and the ________ that attaches adjacent teeth to one another over alveolar bone crest

A

dentoginvival, dentoperiosteal, alveolargingival, transseptal ligament

60
Q

periodontal ligament blood vessels form a single layered vascular mesh located in the _________ and surrounds the tooth like a basket

A

middle of the periodontal space

61
Q

the nerve supply of the periodontal ligaments has nerves running from the ________ to the ________ margin with four types of neural transmissions and volkmann’s canals

A

apical region, gingival

62
Q

the four types of nerve ending which includes the _______ endings, ______ endings, ______ endings, and _______

A

free nerve, ruffini, coiled, encapsulated

63
Q

the free nerve endings are ________ and _______ that send signals from _____, ______, and _______

A

nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, pain, pressure, temperature

64
Q

the ruffini endings are _________ that send signals on _______

A

mechanoreceptors, pressure

65
Q

coiled endings and encapsulated have _______

A

functions unknown

Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 (11 decks)

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