periodontium Flashcards
the periodontal tissues of the tooth include the ______, _______, ________ processes, and _______ facing tooth
cementum, periodontal ligament, boney alveolar, gingiva
the functions of the periodontium include _______ teeth to the alveolar processes, accommodate functional & morphologic changes by acting as a damper of forces applied, allows changes in position of teeth due to _______, promotes repair of _______ e.g., root fractures, seals bone & connective tissue from _______ agents in the oral cavity
anchoring, growth, injuries, infectious
gomphosis is the ______ that binds the teeth to bony teeth _______ in the maxillary bone and mandible
joint, sockets
the gomphosis is a unique _______ that is formed from _______
fibrous joint, ectomesenchyme
the periodontal pocket is normally ______ in depth and has a ______ on its surface which is a layer of bacteria
1-2 mm, biofilm
cementum is similar to bone in composition with ______ organic material, collagen type I,III, XII(PDL) a little of V, VI and XIV, ______ mineral hydroxyapatite, and ______ water
23%, 65%, 12%
the proteins of the cementum include bone ______, _______, ________, ________, Dentin matrix protein __, and Dentin ________
sialoprotein, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, Osteonectin, 1, sialoprotein
cementum is ______ and covers the root of the teeth
avascular
cementum is formed in two stages; ________ that covers the dentin and is formed during root formation and ________ that forms once teeth are erupted and in occlusion
pre-functional/primary, functional/secondary
the functions of the cementum include covering root _______, provide a site of ______ for periodontal fibers, and compensate for changes in surrounding ______
dentinal tubules, attachment, bone
cementum without cells is called _______ cementum or ______ cementum
acellular, primary
in primary cementum _______ layers covers entire root surface and it is the first cementum to be _____
one or more , formed
cementum with cells is called ______ cementum or ________ cementum
cellular, secondary
secondary cementum is involved with tooth movement, repair, readjustment to changes in bone, usually covers the ________ of root and _________ (within roots) surfaces (e.g., sites where alveolar bone and tooth overlap) and it is the last cementum to be formed after ______ and occlusion
apical third, interradicular, eruption
fibrillar cementum is with well defined collagen type ___
1
afibrillar cementum is without well defined collage type ______
1
extrinsic fiber cementum is with ______ collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament
extrinsic
intrinsic fiber cementum is with ______ collagen fibers made by ___________ mostly found in _______ cementum
intrinsic, cementoblasts, reparative
primary cementum is formed at a _____ rate, with no embedded _______ and width is ______ over time
slower, cementocytes, constant
secondary cementum is formed at a ______ rate with embedded ______ and can ______ over time
faster, cementocytes, widen
Cementum exposed in periodontal disease is a dull pale yellow, darker than enamel and feels ________ compared with harder, smoother enamel
grainy
cemental caries increases in older
patients due to ________ exposing the
cementum to the oral cavity and biofilms, pain is a ______ finding and thus the lesions can be ______
gingival regression, late, large
primary cementum has cementoblasts at the _____
surface
the primary cementum has a junction with dentin called the __________ which is an intermingling of cementum and dentin
tome’s granular layer
_______ are perpendicular to the cementodentine junction
collagen fibers
the extrinsic collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament penetrate the _______
cementum
sharpey’s fibers are the same as extrinsic fibers and they run through the periodontal ligament and similarly insert into the ________
alveolar bone
cementoblasts synthesize collagen fibers which intermingle with collagen fibers of _____ with the organic component (_______) becoming mineralized soon after
dentin, cementoid
cementum has two types of striations being the ________ striations that reflect the insertion of the PDL fibers and the _____ incremental layers reflect sequential layering of cementum
horizontal, parallel
secondary cementum is found in the ______ of the roots, forms in the interradicular regions of the premolar and molar teeth, and teeth with ________ do not have much of any secondary cementum
apical 3rd, one root
once the teeth are erupted and there is occlusion then ________ is formed
secondary cementum
cementoid is the ________ deposited by cementocytes
collagen matrix
cementoid is unmineralized and becomes mineralized by trapping the ________
cementoblasts
cementoblasts from _______ are on the surface of the cementum
ectomesenchyme
cementocytes are in the lacunae/ trapped in the secondary cementum, they contain processes in canaliculi projecting towards the _______ which is vascularized, and they also transport ______ to the cell body
PDL, nutrients
canaliculi of the cementocytes are directed towards the tooth surface to promote the transfer of ______
nutrients
acellular extrinsic fiber cementum attaches the cementum to the ______, main cementum in tooth ________, and covers the _______
PDL, attachment, whole root
cellular cementum is located apically and intraradicularly, not necessary for _______ the tooth and is more involved in ______ functions
supporting, reparative
cementum enamel junction contains overlapping cementum, a ______ between cementum and enamel,
gap
__________ is located at the junction of the inner and outer enamel epithelial
hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
upon fragmentation of hertwig’s root sheath predentin induces differentiation of ________
cementoblasts
cells that become cementoblasts are either _______ origin or possibly _______ cells
neural crest, root sheath
the HER’s induces pulp to form _______ which produce predentin, the root sheath fragments exposing ________ cells to the developing dentin and cells of the dental follical/sac give rise to _______ in response to dentin formation
odontoblasts, dental follicle/sac, cementoblasts
the perforating collagen fibers (extrinsic/sharpey’s) of the periodontal ligament pass between _______ early in cementum development and thus becoming embedded in the _______
cementoblasts, inorganic matrix
HERs cells contribute to the formation of the ________
cell rests of malassez
other HERs cells migrate _____ from the dentin towards the dental sac as cementum is laid down, some become _______ in the developing cementum and become the ________ found in the periodontal ligament
away, trapped, epithelial cell of malassez
epithelial rest of malassez are found in ______ or in ______ along the cementum
clusters, long strands
cementicles are mineralized acelluar cementum spheres at the _______ or ______ and is the only acellular cementum formed later in life and they increase with age
cemental root , PDL
hypercementatosis is the excessive production of _______ cementum which can be caused by ________ and other pathological conditions
secondary cellular, occlusal trauma
the alveolar bone has an outer (buccal or lingual) ________, _______ bone and bone lining the ________
cortical plate, spongy , alveolus
the alveolar bone proper (lamina dura) is the ______ of the alveolar process that faces the tooth
surface
cortical bone is also called ______
bundle bone
bundle bone is often _______ due to tooth movement like Invisalign, stressors or periodontitis
remodeled
the periodontal ligament supports, attaches, and cushions teeth, contains a _____ and attaches to _______ and ______
high nerve supply, alveolar bone, cementum
the PDL comes from the _______ and starts around the ________
ectomesenchyme, enamel organ
ectomesenchyme gives rise to ______, _______, _______, _______, ________, collagen fibers type ____ and _____ and _____ fibers
fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoclasts, I, III, elastic
collagen forms the _____ cells and osteoblasts develop and form the ______
dental sac, alveolar bone
the periodontal ligament componants includes collagen type ___ and ____ and _____ microfibrils that embed into the cementum and the lamina dura of the alveolar bone
I, III, elastic
the periodontal ligament is remodeled in response to _______ like chewing and orthodontics, ________ low vitamin C which will cause impaired collagen production and ______ which causes it to be more fibrous, less cellular and replacement decreases
use/manipulation, metabolic, aging
the 5 groups of fibers of the PDL that connect bone to tooth include the _______ group, the ______ group, the ______ group, the ________ group and the ________ group which attaches the whole surface of the interface between alveolar bone and the tooth
alveolar crest , horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular
fibers that attach bone to tooth in the PDL also include the _______ that attaches tooth to gingiva, the _________ that attaches the tooth to the outer crest of the alveolar bone, the _______ attaches the crest of the alveolar bone to the gingiva, and the ________ that attaches adjacent teeth to one another over alveolar bone crest
dentoginvival, dentoperiosteal, alveolargingival, transseptal ligament
periodontal ligament blood vessels form a single layered vascular mesh located in the _________ and surrounds the tooth like a basket
middle of the periodontal space
the nerve supply of the periodontal ligaments has nerves running from the ________ to the ________ margin with four types of neural transmissions and volkmann’s canals
apical region, gingival
the four types of nerve ending which includes the _______ endings, ______ endings, ______ endings, and _______
free nerve, ruffini, coiled, encapsulated
the free nerve endings are ________ and _______ that send signals from _____, ______, and _______
nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, pain, pressure, temperature
the ruffini endings are _________ that send signals on _______
mechanoreceptors, pressure
coiled endings and encapsulated have _______
functions unknown
