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Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 > Development of Head, Neck and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Development of Head, Neck and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

in embryonic folding the _______
folding is when the head and tail regions bend towards each other in a ventral direction

A

craniocaudal/longitudinal

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2
Q

a _______ folding is when the left and right sides of the embryo fold ventrally towards the midline, fuse and form a cylindrical embryo

A

lateral/transverse

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3
Q

neurulation is the formation of the ________ by converting the _______ into the _______

A

central nervous system, neural plate, neural tube

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4
Q

during neurulation the lateral edges of the neural plate fold _______ forming the midline neural _______

A

dorsally, groove

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5
Q

the neural groove is converted into the neural tube by the folding edges meeting and _______ at the dorsal midline

A

fusing

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6
Q

the notochord forms from mesoderm cells soon after gastrulation and signals cells of the ________ at the neural plate to start infolding, this causes the neural plate to fuse and _______ to form the neural tube

A

ectoderm, disconnect

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7
Q

somites are epithelial balls of cells formed in segmental pairs along the neural tube from the ________ which eventually differentiate into the _______, muscles of the ______ and _______, and _______ of the skin

A

paraxial mesoderm, vertebrate, back, body wall, dermis

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8
Q

fusion of the neural plate begins at day 22 at the ______ region or the ______ somite

A

cervical, 5th

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9
Q

fusion of the neural plate proceeds ______ and _______ at the same time

A

cranially, caudally

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10
Q

at day 23 of neurulation the cranial and caudal neuropores are still open to the ________

A

amniotic cavity

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11
Q

the closure of the cranial neuropore happens _______ the closure of the caudal neuropore

A

before (days 25 and 28 respectively)

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12
Q

spina bifida is a neural tube defect that results from the ______ neuropore failing to close

A

caudal

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13
Q

anencephaly is a neural tube defect that results from the ______ neuropore failing to close which allows neural tissue to be exposed to amniotic fluid causing _______

A

cranial, necrosis

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14
Q

addition of _______ into a gestational parents prenatal diet as a preventative measure to anencephaly

A

folic acid

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15
Q

the endoderm will form the ________, _______, ________ gland, ________ cavity, _______ tube, ________, and ________ gland

A

trachea, pharynx, thyroid, tympanic, phyaryngotympanic, tonsils, parathyroid

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16
Q

the paraxial mesoderm will form the _______ of the head, and ________, and the lateral mesoderm will form the _________ and _______ of the viscera

A

muscle, connective tissue, connective tissue, muscle

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17
Q

the ectoderm will form the ________, ______ of the teeth, internal _______, lens of the _______, cranial and sensory _____ and ______, ________ arch cartilage, head ________, _________ and __________

A

pituitary, enamel, ear, eye, ganglia, nerves, pharyngeal, mesenchyme, connective tissue, retina

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18
Q

a placode is a thickening of _______ that will form into one of our _______ organs

A

ectoderm, sensory

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19
Q

stomodeum is the future _______

A

mouth

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20
Q

the ___________ or anterior part of the skull is derived from mesenchyme that came from _______ or more specifically _______

A

viscerocranium, ectoderm, neural crest cells

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21
Q

the _________ or posterior part of the skull is derived from mesenchyme that came from the ________ or more specifically _________

A

neurocranium, mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm

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22
Q

the ectoderm neural crest cells of the viscerocranium the contains the _______ for our sensory organs and ganglia

A

placodes

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23
Q

each placode will have its own bar of _______, its own ________ and its own ________

A

cartilage, cranial nerve, blood supply

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24
Q

the 5th aortic arch is _______ meaning never forms or is just extremely tiny

A

transient

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25
Q

the ________ provide the pathway for the neural crest cells to migrate which is important in palate, face and heart development

A

aortic arches

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26
Q

DiGeorge syndrome or ____________ syndrome or _______ is a disease caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate due to a _______ chromosomal deletion

A

velocardiofacial, catch-22, 22nd

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27
Q

DiGeorge syndrome can cause ______, _______ or ______ deformities

A

facial, palatal, heart

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28
Q

transposition of the great arteries is caused by DiGeorge syndrome and causes _______ to not be distributed throughout the body due to the pulmonary trunk being connected to the left ventricle and the aorta being connected to the right (which is supposed to be switched)

A

oxygen

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29
Q

pharyngeal arches are bars of mesenchyme derived from the _______ and ______ that form 4/5? pairs around the ________ covered by ________ externally and _______ internally

A

mesoderm, neural crest cells, pharynx, ectoderm, endoderm

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30
Q

the pharyngeal arches, clefts and pouches will eventually form the ________

A

mandible

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31
Q

the internal portion of the pharyngeal arches are called the pharyngeal _______ and the external portion is called the pharyngeal _______

A

pouches, cleft

32
Q

the first pharyngeal arch will form the ______ cartilage, ______ and part of the _____ where the second pharyngeal arch will form the ______

A

meckel, malleus, incus, stapes

33
Q

the first pharyngeal arch contains the ____ cranial nerve

A

V3

34
Q

the second pharyngeal arch contains the ______ cranial nerve

A

VIII

35
Q

the third pharyngeal arch contains the _____ cranial nerve

A

IX

36
Q

the fourth and fifth pharyngeal arch contains the ____ cranial nerve

A

X

37
Q

the first pharyngeal arch will form the _______

A

external auditory foramen

38
Q

at the first pharyngeal cleft the ________ forms and at the first pharyngeal pouch the ________ and the membrane between the tube will become our ______

A

external auditory meatus, auditory tube forms, eardrum

39
Q

the ______ pharyngeal arch will eventually grow and completely cover take the 3rd and 4th arches with only a _______ being left

A

second, cervical sinus

40
Q

the failure of a the 2nd, 3rd and 4th clefts not being fully closed can result in _______ anterior to the __________ muscle

A

lateral cervical cysts , sternocleidomastoid

41
Q

the 2nd pharyngeal pouch will form the ______

A

palatine tonsil

42
Q

the 3rd pharyngeal pouch will form the ______ gland and the ________ gland

A

thymus, inferior parathyroid

43
Q

the 4th pharyngeal pouch will form the ________ gland and the ________

A

superior parathyroid, ultimobranchial body

44
Q

the thyroid gland develops at the floor of the _______ from the _______

A

pharynx, foramen cecum

45
Q

the thyroid gland will descend to the _______ and wrap around it

A

trachea

46
Q

the path of the thyroid gland descending is marked by the ________ which later disappears

A

thyroglossal duct

47
Q

thyroid gland migration starts from epithelial proliferation at the base of the ______ and descends in the midline

A

tongue

48
Q

the remnants of thyroglossal duct can persist into adulthood and be found _______ as aberrant thyroid tissue but the most common place found is the base of the _______

A

along the path of descent, tongue

49
Q

in tongue development cranial nerve ______ and ______ come together and become one which makes up the anterior 2/3 of the tongue/body of the tongue

A

V, VII

50
Q

the ________ is the landmark between the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the posterior 1/3

A

foramen cecum

51
Q

the nasal placode will become the ______ nasal prominence and the ______ nasal prominence

A

medial, lateral

52
Q

the medial nasal prominence will eventually become the __________ which will form the labial ________, premaxilla jaw ________ and the ________

A

inter-maxillary segment, philtrum, (4 insicors teeth), primary palate

53
Q

when palate and nasal cavity fusion is complete the left and right palate shelves have come together, the ______ forms and an _______ landmark is still seen

A

nasal septum, incisive foramen

54
Q

the incisive foramen is where the ______ nerve will emerge

A

nasopalatine

55
Q

a cleft lip is caused by the failure of __________ to fuse with the _________

A

maxillary process, inter-maxillary segment

56
Q

anterior cleft palate is the failure of the __________ to fuse with the __________

A

lateral palatine process, inter-maxillary segment

57
Q

posterior cleft palate is the failure of the __________ to fuse with the ________ and _______ with a cleft bifid uvula

A

lateral palatine processes, each other, nasal septum

58
Q

during a parotid gland development the ectodermal groove forms at the _______ between the maxillary and mandibular processes where the groove is then incorporated into the ______ wall and differentiates into the ________ and ________

A

sulcus, buccal, glandular acini, tubular duct

59
Q

______ is a disease that causes inflammation of the parotid gland

A

mumps

60
Q

the development of the submandibular glands starts within the ________ and ducts open adjacent to the _______

A

alveololingual groove, lingual frenulum

61
Q

the sublingual glands form as individual ______ within the ________ where ______ converge to create the gland but retain separate ducts , opening into the floor of the _______

A

buds, alveololingual groove, buds, oral cavity

62
Q

the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon derive from the _______

A

prosencephalon

63
Q

the proencephalon gives rise to the ________ which will become the _________ and the ________ which will become the _____ and the ________

A

telencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, eyes, sub/epi/hypo thalamus

64
Q

the epithalamus or the _______ is formed from the epithelial thickening at the _______ of the diencephalon

A

pineal gland, caudal end

65
Q

the pineal gland modulates ______ and ________ rhythms affected by _______

A

endocrine, behavioral, light/darkness

66
Q

_________ deposits can collect in the epithalamus over time

A

calcium

67
Q

the ______ is located right below the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

68
Q

the pituitary glad has two ______ that “sit” in a pocket called the ______

A

lobes, sella turcica

69
Q

the anterior pituitary gland lobe is referred to as the ________

A

adenohypophysis

70
Q

the posterior pituitary gland lobe is referred to as the ________

A

neurohypophysis

71
Q

the pituitary gland forms in the ______ midline above the forming ______

A

dorsal, thyroid gland

72
Q

in pituitary gland development, an _______ pocket is formed at the dorsal midline of the pharynx, the pocket then loses connection to the pharynx and creates a ball of cells that will eventually form the _____ lobe and the depression of the _______ floor will eventually form the ______ lobe

A

ectodermal, anterior, hypothalamus, posterior

73
Q

an overgrowth of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can lead to ________ which can cause a _________ in the sella turcica

A

pharyngeal hypophysis, macroadenoma

74
Q

trans-sphenoidal approach is used to remove ________ from the pituitary gland by entering through the nose

A

adenomas

75
Q

the _______ forms the posterior wall of the sella turcica

A

dorsum sellae

76
Q

the _______ is the middle portion of the sella turcica

A

hypophyseal fossa

77
Q

the ________ is the anterior wall of the sella turcica

A

tuberculum sellae

Anatomical Sciences Exam 2 (11 decks)

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