Tongue Muscles-pp5

Question 1

What are the two landmarks on the tongue that divide it into a Presulcul BODY, or anterior 2/3 and a Postsulcal ROOT, or posterior 1/3 (located in oropharynx, NOT oral cavity)?

Answer 1

The FORAMEN CECUM and the bilaterally dividing SULCUS TERMINALIS

Question 2

Where are LINGUAL Papillae found on the tongue?

What defines them?

Answer 2

Body of tongue. Projections of mucosa that create characteristic roughness. Found more on Cat tongues (sandpaper like feel)

Question 3

Where are FILLIFORM Papillae found on the tongue?

What defines them?

Answer 3

Body of tongue. Fine, hair like papillae. Increase surface contact area b/t tongue and contents of oral cavity increasing friction and easing transport

Question 4

Where are FUNGIFORM Papillae found on the tongue?

What defines them?

Answer 4

Body of tongue. Dark, red mushroom shaped papillae. Bear one or more taste buds.

Question 5

Where are (CIRCUM)VALLATE Papillae found on the tongue?
What defines them?

Answer 5

Body of tongue. 8-12 Vallate papillae form a V-shaped row anterior to sulcus terminalis. Contain numerous taste buds.

Question 6

Where are FOLLIATE Papillae found on the tongue?

What defines them?

Answer 6

Lateral Body of tongue. Leaf shaped. Contain some taste buds.

Question 7

The Root of the tongue is void of papillae. What does the root dorsum root feature?

Answer 7

The root of the tongue features lymph nodes comprising the Lingual Tonsil

Question 8

The Sublingual Fold and Sublingual Papilla demonstrate the sub-mucosal course of what duct?

Answer 8

The SUBMANDIBULAR Duct

Question 9

What structure connects the mucosa of the inferior tongue to the oral floor and when abnormally short causes ANKYOGLOSSIA where the patient is literally tongue tide? Ankyoglossia also leads to caries, periodontal disease, and halitosis (bad breath).

Answer 9

LINGUAL FRENULUM

Question 10

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL muscles?

Answer 10

Ori: Submucosa of posterior tongue
Ins: Tip of tongue
Fun: Shortens and makes the dorsum concave by raising the apex and sides
Inn: CN XII, hypoglossal nerve

Question 11

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL muscles?

Answer 11

Ori: Undersurface of tongue b/t genioglossus and Hyoglossus (extrinsic tongue muscles)
Ins: Tip of tongue
Fun: Shortens tongue and makes dorsum convex by pulling apex down
Inn: CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

Question 12

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the TRANSVERSE LINGULA muscles?

Answer 12

Ori: Median fibrous septum of tongue
Ins: Dorsum and sides of tongue
Fun: Narrow and Elongate tongue
Inn: CN XII

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the VERTCALIS LINGULA muscles?

Answer 13

Ori: Mucous membrane of dorsum of tongue
Ins: Undersurface of tongue
Fun: Flattens and Widens the tongue
Inn: CN XII

Question 14

What are intrinsic muscles responsible for? What are extrinsic muscles responsible for?

Answer 14

Intrinsic: Reshape tongue from within
Extrinsic: Move tongue around the oral cavity

Question 15

What is the one extrinsic tongue muscle that is Innervated by a different nerve than all of the other tongue muscles, which are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve? What is the muscle innervated by?

Answer 15

The Palatoglossus muscles, which are innervated by the PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS.

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the GENIOGLUSSUS muscles?

Answer 16

Ori: Upper Genial Tubercle
Ins: 
--Lower Fibers: Body of Hyoid
--Middle and Upper fibers: Inferior tongue from apex to root
Fun: Protrudes the tongue
Inn: CN XII

Question 17

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the HYOGLOSSUS muscles?

Answer 17

Ori: Greater Horn of HYOID
Ins: Lateral side of tongue
Fun: Depresses posterior Tongue
Inn: CN XII

Question 18

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the STYLOGLOSSUS muscle?

Answer 18

Ori: Styloid Process
Ins: Lateral aspect of tongue
Fun: Retracts and elevates the tongue
Inn: CN XII

Question 19

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the PALATOGLOSSUS muscles?

Answer 19

Ori: Anterior Soft Palate
Ins: Dorsum and lateral aspect of tongue
Fun: Elevates the root of the tongue; acting bilaterally the R & L palatoglossus close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx.
Inn: Pharyngeal plexus

Question 20

What is significant about the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS?

Answer 20

The Oropharyngeal isthmus is the point, during swallowing that the R & L palatoglossus muscles elevate the root of the tongue and themselves move laterally to close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx.

Question 21

Upon unilateral lesion of CN XII the tongue will deviate to which side upon protrusion?

Answer 21

The side of the lesion, i.e. the side of the paralyzed genioglossus muscle.