Pharynx-pp6

Question 1

What are the two tracts the pharynx plays a part in?

Answer 1

The RESPIRATORY and DIGESTIVE tracts

Question 2

What is the border separating the Nasal cavity and the nasopharynx?

Answer 2

The CHOANAE or Posterior Nasal Apertures

Question 3

What separates the oropharynx and the oral cavity?

Answer 3

OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

Question 4

Where does the Pharyngeal Raphe insert into the skull?

Answer 4

Pharyngeal Tubercle

Question 5

What is the function of the pharyngeal constrictors? How do they accomplish this task?

Answer 5

The pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially to propel the bolus of food towards the esophagus when we swallow

Question 6

Which subsection of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor acts as a sphincter at the laryngopharynx-esophagus junction?

Answer 6

The CRICOPHARYNGEUS (the lower portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor).

Question 7

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the SUPERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR muscles?

Answer 7

Ori: Pterygomandibular raphe
Ins: Pharyngeal raphe
Fun: moves bolus down pharynx
Inn: Pharyngeal Plexus

Question 8

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the MIDDLE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR?

Answer 8

Ori: Hyoid
Ins: Pharyngeal raphe
Fun: Moves bolus down pharynx
Inn: Pharyngeal plexus

Question 9

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR?

Answer 9

Ori:
-Upper part (Thyropharyngeus): Thyroid cartilage
-Lower Part (Cricopharyngeus): Cricoid Cartilage
Ins: Pharyngeal raphe
Fun: Moves bolus down pharynx. Cricopharyngeus acts as sphincter between laryngopahrynx and esophagus.
Inn: Pharyngeal Plexus

Question 10

Gaps b/t constrictors transmit neuro-vascular structures and in some cases muscles too. Name a vertical muscle that passes through the gap between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors on its way to the pharynx…

Answer 10

STYLOPHARYNGEUS

Question 11

What is the only muscle derived from the THIRD pharyngeal arch? What is this vertical muscle innervated by? What are the other two vertical muscles innervated by? What is the general function of all three vertical pharynx muscles?

Answer 11

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by CN IX
The salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus
The Stylopharynx, palatopharynx, and salpingopharynx all work to elevate the pharynx.

Question 12

What nerve provides innervation to the oropharynx and the stylopharyngeus as well as causing the gag reflex? What two contractions contribute to the gag reflex?

Answer 12

CN IX.

Gag: Pharyngeal restriction and palatal elevation

Question 13

What is the path air takes? 5 steps.

Answer 13

1. Enters nostril and nasal vestibule
2. Flows through Piriform aperture and nasal cavity to CHOANAE
3. Flows through NASOPHARYNX
4. Flows through pharynx and enters laryngeal inlet and vestibule
5. Flows through Rima Glottidis and into the trachea

Question 14

What is the path food and liquids take? 5 steps

Answer 14

1. Enters b/t lips and pass through oral vestibule
2. Flows through oral cavity
3. Passes b/t pillars of FAUCES into oropharynx
4. Flow the the pharynx and piriform sinuses
5. Flow through the laryngopharynx into the esophagus

Question 15

What is the Torus Tubarius?

Answer 15

Cartilaginous end of the eustachian tube (link b/t middle ear and nasal cavity); the connective tissue

Question 16

What is the Tonsilar Fossa?

Answer 16

The concavity holding palatine tonsils bound by palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

Question 17

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the LEVATOR VELI PALITINI muscle?

Answer 17

Ori: Lower surface of petrous temporal and auditory tube
Ins: Joins Contralateral Muscle in soft palate
Fun: Elevates soft palate and pulls it slightly posteriorly; draws walls of nasopharynx slightly medially (Limits reflux of fluid into nasopahrynx during swallowing)
Inn: Pharyngeal plexus of CN X

Question 18

What is the function, and innervation of the TENSOR VELI PALATINI muscles?

Answer 18

Ori: Scaphoid Fossa, spina angularis, cartilaginous part of auditory tube
Ins: Tendon, guided by Pterygoid Hamulus, ends in velum platinum (soft pallate)
Fun: Tenses soft palate; Opens the auditory tube

Question 19

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the MUSCULUS UVULAE muscle?

Answer 19

Ori: Posterior Nasal spine
Ins: Mucus membrane of Uvula (forms bulk of uvula)
Fun: Elevates and retracts muscular uvula; thickens middle of soft palate
Inn: Pharyngeal plexus

Question 20

What group of Homo Sapiens can breathe and swallow simultaneously? How?

Answer 20

Infants < 1yr old.
The The high infant larynx allows approximation of soft palate and epiglottis, permitting simultaneous NASAL breathing and suckling during the first year.

Question 21

Unilateral contraction of either TVP or LVP results in ipsilateral contraction of the soft palate. What is the significance of this?

Answer 21

Deviation of soft palate means their is a lesion of either CN V, mandibular division (TVP) or CN X, pharyngeal plexus (LVP)

Question 22

The trough like spaces between the lingual tonsil and the anterior surface of the epiglottis on either side of the Glosso-epiglottic fold that store food in a bolus until the weight closes the epiglottis ensuring safe passage of the bolus past the larynx to the esophagus are?

Answer 22

VALLECULAE