Posterior Cervical Myology-pp4

Question 1

Some of the muscles of the posterior neck are EXTRINSIC muscles. What does this mean?

Answer 1

That they arise/insert from a different structure than the one they act upon. The extrinsic nuchal muscles move the head and neck but they insert onto the Ligamentum nuchae and arise from the upper back/shoulders

Question 2

What is the major site of attachment for Nuchal Musculature?

Answer 2

LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE, which itself attaches to bifid spinous processes of the cervical spine.

Question 3

What are the two major functions of the posterior neck muscles?

Answer 3

1. Resist flexion of the head when its center of gravity is anterior to the atlantooccipital joint
2. Reposition the special sense organs of the viscerocranium optimally in response to visual or olfactory stimuli

Question 4

What are the two Intrinsic, posterior neck muscles of the Superficial Layer?

Answer 4

The SPLENIUS MUSCLES

• Splenius Capitis
• Splenius Cervicis

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the SPLENIUS CAPITIS muscle?

Answer 5

Ori: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 vertebrae
Ins: Mastoid process & occipital bone
Fun:
–Bilateral Contraction: Extension of head & cervical spine
–Unilateral Cont: Draws head back and rotates to ipsilateral side.
Inn: Dorsal Rami

Question 6

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the SPLENIUS CERVICIS muscle?

Answer 6

Ori: Spines of T3-6 vertebrae
Ins: Transverse process of C1-3 vertebrae
Fun:
–Bilateral Cont: Extends cervical spine
–Unilateral Cont: Bends & rotates cervical spine ipsilaterally
Inn: Dorsal Rami

Question 7

What muscle do three of the deep tissue cervical muscles arise from (as continuations of…)?

Answer 7

Transversospinalis muscle (Transverses the spine)

Question 8

In which directions do all muscle fibers arising as continuations of the transversospinalis muscle run Origin to Insertion?

Answer 8

Superiorly
Medially
Posteriorly

Question 9

What are the 3 muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic musculature that arise from the transversospinalis muscle?

Answer 9

1. Semispinalis muscles - found on superior half of spine
2. Multifidus muscles
3. Rotatores muscles - differ in length and where on spine they are located

Question 10

What is the general origin, insertion, and function of the Semispinalis, Multifidus, and Rotatores muscles?

Answer 10

Ori: Transverse processes of spine
Ins: Spinous processes of spine
Fun: Extension of head and CONTRAlateral rotation of head and spine

Question 11

What are the 3 muscles of the intermediate layer of the posterior neck? What is a good way to remember these? What are they a cervical continuation of?

Answer 11

I Like Spaghetti (Lateral to mesial organization)
1. Iliocostalis
2. Lonissimus
3. Spinalis
The intermediate layer of the intrinsic posterior neck muscles arise from the ERECTOR SPINAE group

Question 12

What is the function of the Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinallis muscles?

Answer 12

Fun: Extensors and ipsilateral flexors of the spine (and head)

Question 13

What is the function of Inertransversii and Interspinales muscles?

Answer 13

• Cervical extension
• Lateral flexion
• STABILIZATION of the cervical spine to maintain head position atop the spine

Question 14

How do intertransversarii muscles and interspinales muscles stabilize the spine, thus balancing the head atop the spine?

Answer 14

They have special structures that monitor PROPRIOCEPTION, which sends information to the brain to permit tracking body parts in space, specifically the head and neck.

Question 15

What three muscles form the borders of the SUBOCCIPITAL triangle?

Answer 15

1. Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
2. Oblique Capitis Superior
3. Oblique Capitis Inferior

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the OBLIQUE CAPITIS SUPERIOR muscle?

Answer 16

Ori: Transverse process of C1
Ins: B/t Nuchal lines
Fun: Extension/lateral flexion of the head and neck
Inn: C1 Dorsal Ramus (Suboccipital nerve)

Question 17

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the OBLIQUE CAPITIS INFERIOR muscle?

Answer 17

Ori: Spinous process of C2
Ins: Transverse process of C1
Fun: Ipsilateral rotation
Inn: C1 dorsal ramus (suboccipital nerve)

Question 18

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR muscle?

Answer 18

Ori: Spinous process of C2
Ins: Lateral inferior nuchal line
Fun: Extension of head and ipsilateral rotation
Inn: C1 dorsal ramus (suboccipital nerve)

Question 19

What nerve innervates the ski9n overlying the sub-occipital triangle and the posterior scalp?

Answer 19

The GREATER occipital nerve (C2 dorsal ramus)

Question 20

What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation for the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR muscle?

Answer 20

Ori: Posterior tubercle of Atlas
Ins: Medial inferior nuchal line
Fun: Extension of head
Inn: Dorsal Ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)

Question 21

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

3 things…

Answer 21

1. Vertebral Artery
2. Suboccipital nerve (C1 of dorsal ramus)
3. Posterior arch of atlas