Larynx-pp7 Flashcards
What structure forms the adam’s apple?
Laryngeal Prominence
What membrane/ligament suspends the Thyroid Cartilage form the Hyoid bone?
Thyrohyoid Membrane (or Thyrohyoid ligament)
What are the pair of plates on either side of the Thyroid cartilage called?
LAMINA.
Note: There is also a pair of Cricoid Lamina on the cricoid cartilage
Where do the ARYTENOID Cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage? What type of joint? Name of joint? What type of movements do they permit?
The arythroid cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage at the cricoid laminas at Synovial CRICOARYTENOID Joints.
Recall: Synovial Joints allow for BOTH gliding and rotation
The VOCAL LIGAMENTS pass between the …?… of the arytenoid cartilages and …?… surface of the thyroid cartilage in the angle between the laminae.
VOCAL PROCESSES
INNER surface of thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid joints alter what two aspects of the vocal ligaments? How does this affect speech?
Length and tension, thus determining pitch of speech.
‘Vocal cords’ are covered by mucous membrane to form the VOCAL FOLDS. What three structures does each fold contain?
- Vocal ligament
- –Structured to be firm in its attachment to the cartilages but medially flexible - Vocalis Muscle
- –FINE adjustments to sounds in voice - Thyroarytenoid muscle
- –Formed by multiple subdivisions each of which play a role in complex human speech
The interval between the vocal folds is called what?
RIMA GLOTTIDIS
Movements of the Cricoarytenoid Joints alter the size of the Rima Glottidis. How?
The Cricoarytenoid joints are joined to the cricoid cartilage by synovial joints that allow them to ROTATE (around a vertical axis) and GLIDE (along the superior surface of the cricoid lamina). Both of these traits allow the cricoarytenoid joints to contribute to ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION of the vocal processes, and thus, the vocal ligaments.
If a foreign body is aspirated into the upper larynx (Vestibule) what will be the bodies reaction? If foreign body is not expelled what happens to cause the classic chocking response?
First, a REFLEX COUGH, in response to stimulus of the sensitive wall of the Vestibule should expel the foreign body. If not, spasms of the INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES will close the Rima, precluding speech and leading to asphyxiation.
Where are THYROARYTENOID muscles found? What role do they play in speech? What is a large subset of the thyroarytenoid found medially?
Thyroarytenoid muscles form the lateral most musculature of the Vocal Folds.
Fun: Adducts, Shortens & RELAXES vocal cords (opposite of cricothyroid muscles). Highly complex muscle. Individual components are believed to flex independently allowing sounds otherwise not possible.
VOCALIS: Alters tension on vocal cords.
What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the ARYEPIGLOTTIC muscles (In the aryepiglottic folds)?
Ori: Tip of epiglottis
Ins: Tip of arytenoids
Fun: Along with arytenoids restrict/close Laryngeal inlet by…
1. DEPRESS the EPIGLOTTIS toward the Arytenoid
2. NARROW the LARYNGEAL INLET like purse strings
Inn: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve from CN X (Like every other muscle in the larynx)
Note: Aryepiglottic muscle is a continuation of the Oblique Arytenoid muscle
What role does the SACCULE play in maintaining healthy vocal folds?
The Saccule opens into the Ventricle and secretes a lubricating fluid that protects the vocal folds form inflammation and desiccation.
Why is it such a big deal if the Posterior Cricoarytenoids are injured or paralyzed for any reason?
B/c the posterior cricoarytenoids are the ONLY muscle that aBduct the vocal folds and OPEN the Rima Glottidis. If paralyzed very difficult to inspire sufficient amounts or air.
What is the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the 2 headed CRICOTHYROID muscles?
Ori: Lateral Surface of Cricoid Cartilage
Ins: Lower Fibers=Inferior horn of Thyroid Cartilage
Upper Fibers=Lamina of Thyroid cartilage
Fun: Flexes thyroid cartilage on the cricothyroid joint causing it to lengthen and tense the vocal ligaments. Important for singers to ‘hit the high note.’ Note: Opposite to Thyroarytenoids
Inn: External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Branch of CN X, vagus nerve.
