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Myology Exam > Cervical myology(general)-pp3 > Flashcards

Cervical myology(general)-pp3 Flashcards

1
Q

The INVESTING FASCIA surrounds the entire surface of the neck like a collar as well as encircling two pairs of muscles, one anteriorly and one posteriorly, what are these muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid anteriorly

Trapezius posteriorly

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates BOTH the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius? How does this CN leave the skull?

A

The ACCESSORY Nerve CN XI. Exits the skull through the jugular foramen.

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3
Q

The ANTERIOR CERVICAL TRIANGLE is bordered by what structures?

A
  1. Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  2. Median saggital plane (midline)
  3. The inferior border of the mandible
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4
Q

W/in the anterior triangle the hyoid bone is suspended by what ligament? In turn, what ligament, attached to the posterior hyoid, suspends the cartilaginous elements of the laryngeal skeleton?

A

Stylohyoid ligament suspends hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid suspends cartilaginous elements of the laryngeal skeleton

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5
Q

What is deglutition? What muscle groups play a role in this process?

A

Deglutition is the act of swallowing and both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles play a role in deglutition

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6
Q

What is another name for infrahyoid muscles? Why?

A

Cervical strap muscels. Infrahyoid muscles are also referred to as cervical strap muscles because they are long and narrow muscles of the cervical region

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7
Q

What are infrahyoid muscles ensheathed in?

A

The muscular portion of the pretracheal fascia

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8
Q

What is the major source of innervation for the infrahyoid muscles? What is the exception?

A

The ANSA CERVICALIS, which arises from the cervical plexus. NOTE: ansa means loop.
THYROHYOID is innervated directly by C1 fibers (Thyrohyoid branch of C1), which originates from the hypoglossal nerve, CN XII.

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9
Q

What are the three muscles that border the CAROTID TRIANGLE? What is significant about the carotid triangle?

A 
Borders: 
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posterior belly of digastric
Superior belly of omohyoid
Major Feature: BIFURCATION of the COMMON CAROTID ARTERY and  HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE en route to the floor of the mouth
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10
Q

What do the two Visceral Sensory Receptors located in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation measure? What are they called and where are they located?

A

BARORECEPTORS: Measures BLOOD PRESSURE in the Carotid Sinus on the way to the brain
CHEMORECEPTORS: Monitors chemical make-up in blood from the Carotid Body of the Hypoglossal Nerve.

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11
Q

What are the muscle and bone components that make up the 3 sides of the SUBMANDIBULAR (Digastric) TRIANGLE?

A
  • Posterior AND Anterior bellies of the Digastric

- The inferior border and angle of the mandible

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12
Q

What structures lie within the Submandibular triangle? 5 things

A
  1. Inferior pole of parotid gland
  2. Submandibular salivary glands
  3. Submandibular lymph nodes (important for oral cancer screening)
  4. Hypoglossal nerve
  5. Facial Artery
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13
Q

What is unique about the facial artery w/in the submandibular triangle?

A

It is very twisted in order to allow for elongation as the mouth opens and closes

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14
Q

What does the Muscular triangle contain?

A

The Infrahyoid strap muscles

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15
Q

What does the Submental triangle contain?

A

The Submental Lymph Nodes

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16
Q

What 3 structures form the borders of the POSTERIOR CERVICAL TRIANGLE? What feature forms the ‘roof’ or top?

A
  1. Posterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Anterior border of Trapezius
  3. Clavicle (Base of triangle)
    - Roof= Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
17
Q

The posterior cervical triangle is subdivided into two triangles by what muscle? What are these two muscles?

A

The posterior cervical triangel is subdivided into a larger OCCIPITAL TRIANGLE superiorly and a smaller SUBCLAVIAN TRIANGLE inferiorly by the Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid Muscle

18
Q

What major artery passes through the subclavian triangle on its way to the upper limb?

A

The SUBCLAVIAN artery

19
Q

The floor (medial wall) is formed by what 2 muscles and 1 muscle group?

A
  1. Splenius Capitis
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Three Scalene muscles. The scalenes are Prevertebral muscles
20
Q

What CN crosses the Occipital triangle on its way to innervating the trapezius muscle?

A

CN XI the, Accessory nerve

21
Q

CN XI is vulnerable to lesion as it crosses the Posterior cervical triangle. Why?

A

B/c the ‘roof’ or external wall of the triangle is composed of only the Investing layer and Platysma fibers. NO muscle protection.

22
Q

PREVERTEBRAL Muscles attach to the anterior aspects of what?

A

Cervical Vertebrae (spine)

23
Q

What fascia layer surrounds the cervical spine and the anterior and posterior muscles that attach to it?

A

The PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA

24
Q

What 3 Muscles make up the ANTERIOR GROUP (Front of neck) of the Prevertebral muscles?

A
  1. Rectus Capitis Anterior
  2. Longus Capitis
  3. Longus Coli
25
Q

What is the function of the anterior group of prevertebral muscles?

A

The anterior group of the prevertebral muscles help INITIATE flexion of the head and cervical spine against a force.
NOTE: the Sternocleidomastoid muscle will normally complete such flexion.

26
Q

What 4 muscles make up the LATERAL GROUP of the Prevertebral Muscles?

A
  1. Rectus Capitis Lateralis
  2. Anterior Scalene
  3. Middle Scalene
  4. Posterior Scalene
27
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Group of the prevertebral muscles? What is an additional function of the scalenes?

A

The lateral group muscles anteriorly and laterally flex the head and neck and assist in CONTRAlateral rotation of the head.
The scalene muscles are also important accessory muscles of respiration.

28
Q

What nerves are responsible for the innervation of the prevertebral muscles?

A

The VENTRAL RAMI of the CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES (i.e. C1-C6)

29
Q

What borders make up the SCALENE TRIANGLE?

A
  1. Anterior Scalene
  2. Middle Scalene
  3. 1st Rib
30
Q

What is transmitted through the scalene triangle? How might this be a problem?

A

The triangle transmits the major neuro-vascular supply of the upper limb: Specifically…
The SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY and the BRACHIAL PLEXUS (source of nearly all peripheral nerves innervating the upper limb).
Hypertrophy or pathology of the scalenes may cause Scalene Interval or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
-Causes deficient blood supply to limb
*Cool, pale upper limb w/ weak pulse
-Causes sensory and motor deficits in the upper limb

Myology Exam (14 decks)

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