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Myology Exam > Muscles of Facial expression-pp1 > Flashcards

Muscles of Facial expression-pp1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of facial expression are situated in the superficial fascia, most arise from where and insert into what?

A

Originate from skull

Insert into skin largely about facial apertures such as orbit, mouth and nares.

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2
Q

What is the job of the SMAS (Superficial MusculoAponeurotic System)?

A

Keeps face from sagging due to gravity

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3
Q

What pharyngeal arch did ALL of the muscles of facial expression arise from? What CN are they innervated by?

A

2nd Pharyngeal arch and are innervated by SVE fibers of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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4
Q

What are the two paired bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle? What joins them?

A

The occipital and frontalis muscles. Connected by the Epicranial aponeurosis (remember aponeurosis = flat tendon)

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5
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the OCCIPITALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Lateral 2/3 of the superior nuchal line & mastoid process
Ins: Epicranial aponeurosis
Fun: Draws scalp posteriorly
Inn: Posterior Auricular branch of CNVII

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6
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the FRONTALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Epicranial aponeurosis and coronal suture
Ins: Dermis and superficial fascia of frontal region and eyebrow
Fun: Elevates the eyebrows and skin at nasal root OR depresses the forehead in wrinkles
Inn: Temporal region of CNVII

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7
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
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8
Q

The scalp receives a blood supply from what two, freely anastomosing arteries? What layer do the external carotid arteries lie within the scalp?

A

The external and internal carotid arteries. They lie within the dense Connective tissue layer (2nd layer).

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9
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the TEMPOROPARIETALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Temporalis fascia above auricle
Ins: Lateral border of galea aponeurotica (epicranial neurosis)
Fun: Tenses the galea aponeurotica
Inn: Temporal branches of CNVII

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10
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the ANTERIOR AURICULARIS muscle?

A

Ori: Temporalis fascia and epicranial neurosis
Ins: Anterior portion of medial helix
Fun: Draws auricle forward and upward
Inn: Temporal branch of CN VII

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11
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the SUPERIOR AURICULAR muscle?

A

Ori: Temporalis fascia and epicranial aponeurosis
Ins: Upper medial surface of auricle
Fun: Elevates auricle
Inn: Posterior auricular branch of CNVII

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12
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the POSTERIOR AURICULAR muscle?

A

Ori: Base of Mastoid process
Ins: lower anterior surface of auricle/convexity of concha
Fun: Retracts and elevates auricle
Inn: Posterior auricular branch of CNVII

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13
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the OCULAR portion of the ORBICULARIS OCULI muscle?

A

Ori: Nasal portion of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, medial palpebral ligament; arranged as a series of ellipsesrunning from supero-medial to infero-medial; blending superiorly with frontalis, inferior blending levator labii superioris alequa nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus minor; laterally blends with temporoparietalis.
Ins: Dermis and superficial fascia of eyebrow, medial palpebral ligament
Fun: Sphincter which narrows and closes the eyelid, draws eyelids slightly medially.
Inn: Temporal, zygomatic, and superior buccal branches of CN VII

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14
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the PALPEBRAL portion of the ORBICULARIS OCULI?

A

Ori: Superficial and deep surfaces of palpebral ligament
Ins: Lateral palpebral raphe
Fun: Depresses upper lid and elevates lower lid
Inn: Temporal, zygomatic, and superior buccal branches of CN VII.

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15
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the LACRIMAL portion of the ORBICULARIS OCULI muscle?

A

Ori: Posterior lacrimal crest
Ins: Palpebral portion of muscle
Fun: Draws eyelids and lacrimal papillae medially; assists with expressions of tears from lacrimal glands.

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16
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII muscle?

A

Ori: Medial superciaiary arch of frontal bone
Ins: Dermis of medial eyebrow
Fun: Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly
Inn: Zygomatic and temporal branches of CNVII

17
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the PROCERUS muscle?

A

Ori: Fascia over lower nasal bone and upper nasal cartilage
Ins: Dermis b/t eyebrows
Fun: Draws the medial angles of eyebrows medially towards the bridge of the nose.
Inn: Temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches of CN VII

18
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the COMPRESSOR NARIS (transverse) portion of the NASALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Canine eminence of maxilla
Ins: w/ contralateral muscle into aponeurosis on nasal cartilage
Fun: Compresses external nasal aperture
Inn: Superior zygomatic and buccal portions of CN VII

19
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the DILATOR NARIS (alar) portion of the NASALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Notch of maxilla over lateral incisors
Ins: Alar cartilage
Fun: Draws allae downward and laterally to flare nostrils & widen anterior nasal aperture.
Inn: Zygomatic and superior buccal branches of CN VII

20
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the DEPRESSOR SEPTI portion of the NASALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Incisive fossa of maxilla, deep to orbicularis orus
Ins: Mobile portion of nasal septum and posterior alae
Fun: Widens anterior nasal aperture
Inn: Zygomatic and superior buccal branches of CN VII

21
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NASI muscle?

A

Ori: Upper frontal process of maxilla
Ins:
-Medial Slip: Into greater alar cartilage of nose and overlying dermis
-Lateral Slip: into portion of upper lip, blending with levator labii superioris and orbicular oris
Fun:
-Medial Slip: dilates nare and modifies circummalar sulcus
-Lateral Slip: Raises and everts upper lip; raises and deepens nasolabial sulcus
Inn: Zygomatic and Buccal branches of CN VII

22
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS muscle?

A

Ori: Lower rim of orbit just above infraorbital foramen on maxilla and zygomatic
Ins: Dermis of lateral 1/2 of upper lip b/t zygomaticus minor and #7
Fun: Raises and everts upper lip & modifies nasolabial furrow
Inn: Zygomatic and buccal portions of CN VII

23
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS (caninus) muscle?

A

Ori: Canine fossa of maxilla below the infraorbital foramen
Ins: modiolus lateral to the angle of the mouth; intermingles with orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, and zygomaticus major
Fun: Raises angle of mouth and deepens nasolabial furrow.
Ori: Zygomatic and buccal portions of CN VII

24
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR muscle?

A

Ori: Zygomatic bone
Ins: modiolus, lateral to angle of the mouth; dermis and mucosa of angle of mouth; intermingles with orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, and levator anguli oris
Fun: Draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
Inn: Zygomatic and buccal branches of CN VII

25
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the ORBICULARIS ORIS muscle?

A

Ori: Modiolus
Ins: Blends with numerous muscles; upper peripheral with buccinator & depressor anguli oris; lower periph w/ buccinator, levator anguli oris & superficial part of zygomaticus major; marginal fibers interlace in midline with contralateral muscle.
Fun: Sphinctor of mouth; draws lips together draws corners of lips inwards & either purses lips or draws them against teeth
Inn: Lower Zygomatic, buccal, & the mandibular marginal branches of CN VII.

26
Q

How is the ORBICULARIS ORIS muscle organized?

A

Orbicularis oris encircles the mouth; it is organized into 4 largely independent quadrants: Upper left, upper right, lower left, & lower right. Each of these quadrants is comprised of a large pars peripheralis and a smaller pars marginalis. Making 8 segments total.

27
Q

The MODIOLUS is a fibromuscular mass that is made up of what muscles?

A

Orbicularis oris (pars peripheralis), buccinator, and the elevators and depressors of the lips.

28
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the ZYGOMATICUS MINOR muscles?

A

Ori: Malar eminence just posterior to zygomaticomaxillary suture.
Ins: Upper lip b/t zygomaticus major and levator labii superioris.
Fun: Elevates the upper lip to show maxillary teeth (sneer); also deepens nasolabial furrow
Inn Zygomatic and buccal branches of CN VII

29
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the RISORIUS muscle?

A

Ori: Fascia over masseter and parotid gland (superficial to platysma)
Ins: Skin and Mucosa at angle of mouth
Fun: Weak elevator of the angle of the mouth
Inn: Zygomatic and buccal branches of CN VII

30
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS muscle?

A

Ori: Oblique line of mandible, deep to depressor anguli oris
Ins: Dermis and mucosa of lower lip, blending with contralateral muscle & w/ orbicularis oris
Fun: depresses lower lip and slightly laterally
Inn: Mandibular marginal and lower buccal branch of CN VII

31
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS muscle?

A

Ori: Linear origin from mental tubercle, along line of mandible, continuous inferiorly w/ platysma
Ins: Modiolus, blending with orbicularis oris and risorius
Fun: Depresses angle of mouth by depressing modiolus and buccal angles while also pulling them Laterally.
Inn: Mandibular marginal and lower buccal branches of CN VII

32
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the MENTALIS muscle?

A

Ori: Incisive fossa of mandible
Ins: Dermis of the chin
Fun: Protrudes and everts lower lip
Inn: Man Marginal branch of CN VII

33
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the BUCCINATOR muscle?

A

Ori: Pterygomandibular raphe
Ins: Modiolus; dermis & mucosa of lips
Fun: Flattens cheecks against teeth to resist lodging of food/pooling of liquid b/t cheeck and gum or to expel air (“trumpeter’s muscle). Also retracts buccolabial mucosa from teeth during mastication.
Inn: Buccal branch of CN VII

34
Q

What are the origin, insertion, function, & innervation of the PLATYSMA muscle?

A

Ori: Superficial fascia of antero-lateral neck
Ins: 3 portions
-Mandibular Portion: lower border of mandibular corpus
-Labial portion: tissue of lateral 1/2 of lower lip b/t #13 &14
-Modiolar portion: Modiolus
Fun: Tenses the superficial cervical fascia; also weak depressor of the lower lip and mandible
Inn: Cervical Branch of CN VII

35
Q

What role does the buccinator muscle play in increasing salivary excretions into the mouth?

A

Contraction of the buccinator milks the ducts of the Parotid Gland. Parotid duct runs through the buccinator.

36
Q

CN VII, facial nerve exits the skull through what foramen, after which the facial nerve trunk enter what gland, within which it brabches extensively?

A

Stylomastoid Foramen

Parotid Gland

Myology Exam (14 decks)

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