Tongue Flashcards
Tongue is used for
Mastication, swallowing, speech, oral cleaning.
Tongue is anchored to what bones
Hyoid bone through the hyoglossus msucle.
Styloid process through the styloglossus muscle.
Mandible through the genioglossus muscle
Five cranial nerves for innervation of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve XII
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Lingual nerve V
Vagus nerve X
Facial nerve VII
Base of tongue
Vertical plane in oral pharynx
Posterior 1/3
Attached to floor of the mouth
Body of tongue
Dorsal surface
Horizontal plane in oral
Anterior 2/3
Can protrude out
Apex of tongue
Mobile tip of tongue
Top surface
Under surface
Side surface
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral
Foramen cecum clinical significance
Embryological origin of the thyroid gland.
If it doesn’t descend down thyroid tissues will be on the tongue called lingual thyroid.
Filiform lingual papillae
No Taste buds
Keratinized gives velvety structure
Most numerous
Slender, thread like
Aids in handling food
Fungiform lingual papillae
Contains taste buds
Globular
Bright red about 1 mm in diameter.
Circumvallate lingual papillae
Contains taste buds
Largest
Located close to the serous glands of von ebner- minor salivary glands
Foliate lingual papillae
Lingual surface- vertical folds of mucosa
Contains taste buds
More prominent in children
Taste buds in papillae
Fungiform lingual papillae
Circumvallate lingual papillae
Foliate lingual papillae
4 Intrinsic muscles
Vertical
Transverse
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Vertical muscle
From dorsal surface to ventral surface to flatten and broaden tongue.
Transverse muscle
From median septum to lateral surface to narrow and elongate the tongue.
Superior longitudinal muscle
Most superior to shorten the tongue and turns the tip and edges upward
Inferior longitudinal muscle
located towards the ventral surface to shorten the tongue, turn its tip and edges downwards.
Extrinsic muscles
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Hypoglossus muscle
Origin- hyoid bone
Insertion- lateral aspect of the tongue
Action- depress the tongue
Genioglossus muscle
Origin- Superior genial tubercles of the mandible.
Insertion- Dorsum from the base to apex. Few inferior fibres to hyoid bone.
Action- Protrusion
Styloglossus muscle
Origin- styloid process of the temporal bone.
Insertion- lateral aspect of the tongue.
Action- Elevate tongue moving it posteriorly, early stages of swallowing.
Palatoglossus muscle
Origin- median palatine raphe
Insertion- lateral surface of the tongue
Action- Elevates the base of the tongue and helps separate oral cavity from the pharynx.
Blood supply to the tongue
Base and body- Dorsal lingual branches.
Apex- Deep lingual artery
Dorsal surface- dorsal lingual vein
Ventral surface- deep lingual vein
Veins drains into the internal jugular vein.
