Tongue

Question 1

Tongue is used for

Answer 1

Mastication, swallowing, speech, oral cleaning.

Question 2

Tongue is anchored to what bones

Answer 2

Hyoid bone through the hyoglossus msucle.
Styloid process through the styloglossus muscle.
Mandible through the genioglossus muscle

Question 3

Five cranial nerves for innervation of the tongue

Answer 3

Hypoglossal nerve XII
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Lingual nerve V
Vagus nerve X
Facial nerve VII

Question 4

Base of tongue

Answer 4

Vertical plane in oral pharynx
Posterior 1/3
Attached to floor of the mouth

Question 5

Body of tongue

Answer 5

Dorsal surface
Horizontal plane in oral
Anterior 2/3
Can protrude out

Question 6

Apex of tongue

Answer 6

Mobile tip of tongue

Question 7

Top surface
Under surface
Side surface

Answer 7

Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral

Question 7

Foramen cecum clinical significance

Answer 7

Embryological origin of the thyroid gland.
If it doesn’t descend down thyroid tissues will be on the tongue called lingual thyroid.

Question 8

Filiform lingual papillae

Answer 8

No Taste buds
Keratinized gives velvety structure
Most numerous
Slender, thread like
Aids in handling food

Question 9

Fungiform lingual papillae

Answer 9

Contains taste buds
Globular
Bright red about 1 mm in diameter.

Question 10

Circumvallate lingual papillae

Answer 10

Contains taste buds
Largest
Located close to the serous glands of von ebner- minor salivary glands

Question 11

Foliate lingual papillae

Answer 11

Lingual surface- vertical folds of mucosa
Contains taste buds
More prominent in children

Question 12

Taste buds in papillae

Answer 12

Fungiform lingual papillae
Circumvallate lingual papillae
Foliate lingual papillae

Question 13

4 Intrinsic muscles

Answer 13

Vertical
Transverse
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal

Question 14

Vertical muscle

Answer 14

From dorsal surface to ventral surface to flatten and broaden tongue.

Question 15

Transverse muscle

Answer 15

From median septum to lateral surface to narrow and elongate the tongue.

Question 16

Superior longitudinal muscle

Answer 16

Most superior to shorten the tongue and turns the tip and edges upward

Question 17

Inferior longitudinal muscle

Answer 17

located towards the ventral surface to shorten the tongue, turn its tip and edges downwards.

Question 18

Extrinsic muscles

Answer 18

Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 19

Hypoglossus muscle

Answer 19

Origin- hyoid bone
Insertion- lateral aspect of the tongue
Action- depress the tongue

Question 20

Genioglossus muscle

Answer 20

Origin- Superior genial tubercles of the mandible.
Insertion- Dorsum from the base to apex. Few inferior fibres to hyoid bone.
Action- Protrusion

Question 21

Styloglossus muscle

Answer 21

Origin- styloid process of the temporal bone.
Insertion- lateral aspect of the tongue.
Action- Elevate tongue moving it posteriorly, early stages of swallowing.

Question 22

Palatoglossus muscle

Answer 22

Origin- median palatine raphe
Insertion- lateral surface of the tongue
Action- Elevates the base of the tongue and helps separate oral cavity from the pharynx.

Question 23

Blood supply to the tongue

Answer 23

Base and body- Dorsal lingual branches.
Apex- Deep lingual artery

Dorsal surface- dorsal lingual vein
Ventral surface- deep lingual vein
Veins drains into the internal jugular vein.

Question 24

Ankyloglossia

Answer 24

Short lingual frenum, speech may be faulty. If the patient not having issues with speech then best to leave as is and monitor but if patient having issues with speech then should do a frenectomy.