Lymphatic system Flashcards
Functions of lymphatic system
*Maintenance of fluid balance
*Immunity defense function
*Helps distribution of fluids and nutrients in the body.
*Absorbs lipids from the small intestine.
*Hematopoiesis- formation of blood cells.
Right Lymphatic system
Lymph from the right side of head and neck, right side of the thorax and right arm and is collected by the LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES will join to form SMALL LYMPHATIC VESSELS, these small lymphatic vessels will then join to form LARGE LYMPHATIC TRUNKS, these large lymphatic trucks will join to form the RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT then drain into the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN then to the heart.
Left Lymphatic system
Lymph from the rest of the body including left side of head and neck, left arm, left side of the thorax, right and left legs in collected by the lymphatic capillaries will join to form SMALL LYMPHATIC VESSELS, These small lymphatic vessels will join to form LARGE LYMPHATIC TRUNKS, these large lymphatic trunks will join to form the THORACIC duct then drain into the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN then drain into the heart.
How do the cells get nutrients, hormones and oxygen?
The cells get nutrients, hormones and oxygen by blood plasma will leaking into the tissue spaces, this is called interstitial fluid, the cells receive nutrients, hormones and oxygen then the waste products get released back into the interstitial fluid, Waste product will be absorbed into the cardiovascular system and circulate so carbon dioxide will be oxygenated at the lungs and waste products discarded through the kidney or liver.
The 10% remaining will be collected by blind ended capillaries and returned back to the blood vascular system.
Lymph nodes infected:
Lymph nodes enlarged:
Lymphadenitis
Lymphoedema
Clinical importance:
Cancer cells may setup new growth in nodes, this is why it is important to feel lymph nodes in extra-oral exam.
Haematopoiesis
Lymphoid tissue of lymph nodes serves as the final site for maturation for of some types of lymphocytes and monocytes
Lymphoid structures
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Bone marrow
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic vessels are thin walled vessels that transport lymph only towards the heart.
They originate as blind ended capillaries in the intercellular space.
Maintains fluid balance by..
Returning/transporting:
Excess tissue fluid
Leaked protein
Fats and other substances
Lymphatic capillaries
Anchored to connective tissue by tiny filaments.
Single layer of endothelium.
High degree of permeability- allows large molecules into lymphatic vessels.
Valves
Valves ensure the lymph goes in one direction from the capillary network to the primary lymph node to the secondary lymph node/s to the heart.
Right Lymph pathway
Starting at the LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES then flowing to the SMALL LYMPHATIC VESSELS then to the LARGE LYMPHATIC TRUNKS then to the RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT then to the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN then to the HEART.
Left Lymph pathway
Starting at the LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES then flowing to the SMALL LYMPHATIC VESSELS then to the LARGE LYMPHATIC TRUNKS to the THORACIC DUCT then to the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN then to the HEART.
What assists the lymph flow
Breathing movements and skeletal muscle contractions assist in the lymph flow.
Lymph nodes filter what
Lymph nodes filter toxic products from lymph to prevent their entry into the cardiovascular system.
Afferent and Efferent
Afferent vessels carry lymph to the primary lymph node, the lymph node will filter out all the toxic products and clean lymph will travel through the efferent lymphatic vessel to the secondary lymph node/s then finally through the blood vascular system.
Waldeyers ring or Pharyngeal lymphoid ring
Waldeyers ring is masses of lymphatic tissues in a protective ring at back of mouth. It protects the body against disease process and toxins first line of defense.
Adenoid- Posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Tubal tonsil- Nasopharynx
Lingual tonsils- Dorsal surface of the base of the tongue.
Palatine tonsils- Between anterior and posterior faucial pillars
Lymph node infection signs
Soft
Tender
Inflamed
Mobile nodes
Lymph node cancer signs
Bony
Hard
Not tender
Possibly fixed
Cancer cells can travel in lymphatic vessels slowly to other nodes, if the cancer cells reach blood circulatory system the cancer cells can spread rapidly.
Lymphoma signs
Firm
Large
Multi-nodular
Rubbery
_____ drains to Submental lymph nodes
Mandibular incisors and surrounding tissues.
Apex of tongue
Anterior floor of mouth.
Lower lip.
Chin.
_____ drains to submandibular lymph nodes
All teeth and surrounding tissues, except mandibular incisors and maxillary 3rd molar
_____ drains to superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Maxillary 3rd molars and surrounding tissues.
