Salivary glands Flashcards
Exocrine glands vs Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands- Have ducts to help transport their secretions (digestive juices) to the place of their action.
Endocrine glands- Do not have ducts, their secretions (hormones) are transported by blood.
Both are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Serous glands
Mucous glands
Mixed glands
Serous glands produce thin, watery secretion.
Mucous glands produce a viscous, slimy secretion.
Mixed glands produce both a serous and mucous secretion.
Parasympathetic supply vs Sympathetic supply
Parasympathetic supply releases watery saliva with low amylase levels.
Sympathetic supply releases scant, viscous saliva with high amylase.
Depending on size of the salivary glands they are either…
Depending on the size of the salivary gland they are either major or minor salivary glands.
The duct will drain saliva into the oral cavity, can be both serous and mucus acini.
How does saliva end up in the mouth?
There will be ion exchange through the capillary end then it will produce saliva which will be collected through the ductal system then come into the oral cavity.
Parotid salivary gland
Produces..
Location..
Location of lobes..
Duct location..
Location of orifice into mouth..
Encloses..
Arterial supply..
Venous return..
Largest encapsulated gland.
Produces 25% of total salivary volume.
Produces watery (serous) type secretion containing enzymes.
Two lobes superficial and deep.
Occasionally accessory gland along the parotid duct.
Location- Extends from the zygomatic arch to the ramus of the mandible, anterior to the ear.
Superficial lobe- subcutaneous, anterior to the external ear, between skin and masseter muscle.
Deep lobe- Inferior to the external ear and posterior to the ramus.
Parotid duct- about 5cm long superficial to the masseter muscle, pierces the buccinator muscle and opens usually opposite maxillary 2nd molar.
Parotid papilla- marks the orifice (opening of the duct)
Structures within the gland- parotid.
Facial nerve and external carotid artery pass though the parotid gland.
Retromandibular vein forms in the parotid gland.
Auriculotemporal nerve also is enclosed in the parotid gland.
Arterial supply of parotid gland- external carotid artery.
Sensory- Auriculotemporal nerve.
Venous return- Retromandibular vein.
Parotid gland lesions- Mumps
Symptoms
Rare side effects
Mumps- Parotitis
Parotid gland enlarged and tender.
Puffy swelling behind the ear.
70% of the time it will go to the other gland so it it bi-lateral.
Redness of the parotid papilla.
Fever loss of appetite, weakness and discomfort.
Prevention- childhood vaccine.
Rare complications-
Inflammation of the testicles could lead to fertility problems.
Inflammation of ovaries
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Deafness
Tumor of the parotid gland
Consistency- can be bony hard.
Usually uni-lateral.
Starts off asymptomatic but can be painful in later stages.
Can lead to facial paralysis.
Salivary calculus
Salivary calculus (sialolith)
Happens if the saliva is stagnant for a long time the calcium ions can form a calculus.
Forms within the gland or inside the duct.
Take xray to see if calculus.
Sometimes calculus may not be completely blocking the duct and may drain slowly.
Refer to remove by incision.
Parotid, submandibular and sublingual gland.
Submandibular Salivary gland
Produces..
Location..
Location of lobes..
Duct location..
Location of orifice into mouth..
Encloses..
Arterial supply..
Venous return..
Second largest encapsulated
Provides 60-65% of total salivary volume.
Mixed saliva (serous and mucous)
Two lobes superficial and deep.
Location- Posterior part of the floor of the mouth, near the angle of the mandible.
Occupies the submandibular fossa.
Superficial lobe- larger lobe that lies superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.
Deep lobe- smaller lobe wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle.
Submandibular duct-
Arises from the deep lobe, runs along the mylohyoid muscle to reach the anterior floor of the mouth. Sublingual caruncle marks the orifice.
Arterial blood supply- facial artery
Venous return- Facial vein
Nerve supply-
Parasympathetic- Facial nerve
Sympathetic- superficial cervical ganglion
Sensory- lingual nerve
Arterial supply- Sublingual artery.
Venous drainage- Sublingual vein.
Lymphatic drainage- submandibular lymph nodes.
Lingual nerve in regards to submandibular duct..
Lingual nerve loops under the submandibular duct , if there is salivary calculus and we do not identify the lingual nerve there is a chance it will be cut during incision to remove calculus.
Sublingual salivary gland- Produces..
Location..
Duct location..
Location of orifice into mouth..
Encloses..
Arterial supply..
Venous return..
Smallest gland.
Unencapsulated and diffuse.
Provides 5-10% of total saliva.
Mucous type saliva.
In the anterior part of the floor of the mouth.
Location: Inferior to the mucosa of the floor of the mouth. Superior to the mylohyoid muscle.
Occupies the sublingual fossa.
Sublingual duct- opens at sublingual caruncle.
Rivinus ducts- directly opens into the floor of the mouth into the sublingual fold.
Arterial blood supply- Sublingual artery.
Sensory- Lingual nerve.
Venous return- sublingual vein.
Lymphatic drainage- submandibular lymph nodes.
Ranula
Sublingual duct can get obstructed and the saliva producing inside the gland can collect there called Ranula.
