tone Flashcards
mm tone
the resistance to stretch in resting mm
how is mm tone modified
nervous system conscious and unconscious control
___ dampens down hyper excitable spinal reflexes
descending corticospinal influence
T/F humans have range of mm tone
t
longstanding flacidity PNS or CNS
PNS LMN
rigidity vs spasticity
rigiity is velocity INDEPDENT
spasticity is DEPDEND
rigidity features
bidirectional resistican to stretch
velocity independent
righty is hyperreflexia always evident
not always
decerebrate rigidity characterized
both U/LE in Ext
decorticate rigidity characterized
UE in flex
LE in ext
spasticity
velocity dependent inc in tonic stretch reflex
exaggerated tendon jerks
hyperexcitabilty
UMN
can spasticity impact pts alertness
yes
hyperreflexia UMN or LMN
UMN
hyporeflexia UMN or LMN
LMN
when is stretch reflex not normal
grade 0, 4+ and 5+
clonus
involuntary sustained mm contraction in response to stretch
exaggerated cutaneous proprioceptive reflexes
exaggerated cutaneous reflex
spasm out of chair etc..
possible causes for increase in spasticity
infection, ingrown toe nail, fatigue, discomfort, stress, SCI
spasticity can lead to
pain, contractures, limited ROM
postural changes, fear, decreased sitting balance
when to leave spasticity
when it increases function
when its a mm we want tightening
when to intervene spasticity
joint limitation
decrease functional ability
altered joint biomechs
tone assessment subjective what might you ask
UTI, cold/flu
evaluation for tone
modified ash worth scale
pt intervention for increased tone ROM
stretch
active/functional moves
positioning program
WB
PT intervention tone
maintiain ROM manual therapy for joint mobility biomechanics promote functional exercise program create balance/posture hydrotherapy modalities address factors contributing to tone orthotics equipment medical
T/F need greater angle of DF where is clonus is triggered
t
general treatment
promote active movement
desensitize
pre warn individual stimulus
