tolerance (class)

Question 1

Feeling of “high” doesn’t “feel as good”

Answer 1

illicit drug tolerance def

Question 2

does not alleviate symptoms

Answer 2

medical drug tolerance def

Question 3

Desensitation to drug effects”

Answer 3

tolerance

Question 4

tolerance can result from? (3)

Answer 4

1. repeated exposure that affects physiology (dosage, rates–> time)
2. developmental/physiological changes that alter chemical reactions
3. psychological state (expectancy, boredom)

Question 5

tolerance is dependent on? (2)

Answer 5

• drug type (toxicity, accrued or eliminated)

- body (selective tolerance)

Question 6

one effect is diminished, but another is not

Answer 6

selective tolerance

Question 7

drinking a coke right before bed and falling asleep right away but then needing a coffee every morning to wake up is an example of?

Answer 7

selective tolerance

Question 8

Used synonymously with potential treatment

Answer 8

tolerance

Question 9

what else can change the tolerance level of a dug? (3)

Answer 9

• psychological state (might just feel higher cause your bored)
• behaviour (what you are doing)
• environment (taking it at home vs taking it at the club)

Question 10

Physiological response (i.e. CNS; enzymes, receptors)
--> what type of tolerance

Answer 10

functional tolerance

Question 11

what type of tolerance are ppl used to seeing

Answer 11

functional tolerance

Question 12

• Occurs after several exposures – Cellular adaptation similar to acute, except over time/repeated exposure
• > what type of tolerance

Answer 12

functional tolerance

Question 13

Requires more drug to obtain similar subjective effect (graded)

Answer 13

functional tolerance

Question 14

taking more drugs to avoid withdrawal symptoms is a characteristic of what?

Answer 14

functional tolerance

Question 15

occurs after only one exposure

Answer 15

acute functional tolerance

Question 16

Physiological efficiency; cells lose sensitivity to a drug • May have to do with toxicity of drug/metabolite, and similarity to endemic compounds

Answer 16

acute functional tolerance

Question 17

Reduces the subjective effect (threshold) – including in cross-tolerance

Answer 17

acute functional tolerance

Question 18

what is cross tolerance?

Answer 18

there is sugar in alcohol so and if your used to eating lots of sugar your body may respond the same based on similarity (eat lots of sugar, build ore tolerance to alcohol)

Question 19

during acute functional tolerance, psychological effects are observable during? and not?

Answer 19

• increase, not elimination

Question 20

what is the cell adaption theory based off of?

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

Body attempts to obtain a state in which energy/resources are used most efficiently, with the least “loss” (balance)

Answer 21

homeostasis

Question 22

homeostasis is regulated by?

Answer 22

receptors and neurotransmitters

Question 23

upregulation?

down regulation?

Answer 23

• increase sensitivity to a drug

- avoid toxicity (activiation cause by drug)

Question 24

what changes in upregulation/down regulation

Answer 24

the number of receptors or the number of NT, NOT the sensitivity of receptors
(always an opposite rxn b/w NT and receptors)

Question 25

Changes in metabolism as a result of constant concentrations within the body

Answer 25

dispositional tolerance

Question 26

during dispositional tolerance, there are increased rates of (3)

Answer 26

1. enzyme - specific proliferation
2. elimination from body
3. induces cross tolerance

Question 27

problem with enzyme specific proliferation

Answer 27

physiological “cost”, and potential harm to similar substrates (the body spends more time making enzymes when it knows something is coming)

Question 28

problem with elimination from the body (during dispositional tolerance)

Answer 28

zero order elimination induces stress

Question 29

the main problem with dispositional tolerance

Answer 29

maintaining constant drug levels (or with ilicit drugs –> shorter high time)

Question 30

Tolerance that extends to another (similar) drug

Answer 30

cross tolerance

Question 31

Enzymes respond to specific sections of molecules, thus similar chemical structure results in deactivation

Answer 31

metabolism response to cross tolerance

Question 32

in cross tolerance, the 2 drugs will have similar ?

Answer 32

SOA

Question 33

during cross tolerance, the similar SOA results in ? of receptors that affect neurotransmission of all NT at the receptor

Answer 33

down regulation

Question 34

An upper limit to neurotransmitter release implies a plateau in reward-feedback (dopamine)
–> what is this a characteristic of?

Answer 34

the similar feedback mechanism in cross tolerance

Question 35

A psychological association that results in physiological “readiness”

Answer 35

environmental dependent tolerance

Question 36

Responsible for OD in strange environments

Answer 36

environmental dependent tolerance

Question 37

environmental dependent tolerance is a ? response. it works as a complex reward feedback system between?

Answer 37

• conditioned

- perception and homeostasis

Question 38

Increased response to drug, despite prolonged use

Answer 38

sensitization (reverse of environmental tolerance)

Question 39

less drug, sooner, last longer • Seemingly irreversible

Answer 39

sensitization (reverse of environmental tolerance)

Question 40

sensitization can be due to damage of?

Answer 40

brain tissue

Question 41

adjustment and compensation as a result of experience

Answer 41

behavioural tolerance

Question 42

what type of tolerance discussed is not “true” tolerance?

Answer 42

behavioural tolerance

Question 43

what type of tolerance has to do with self awareness and determination

Answer 43

behavioural tolerance

Question 44

trying not to act drunk in front of your parents is an example of

Answer 44

behavioural tolerance