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PSYCH 345A > Dependence (class) > Flashcards

Dependence (class) Flashcards

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1
Q

neural connections that optimize survival through learning

A

reward circuitry

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2
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? disequilibrium causes disinhibition of the cognitive /motor system

A

physiological/ motivation

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3
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? physiological activation; seeking behaviours

A

behavioural/ motivation

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4
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? discomfort

A

psychological/ motivation

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5
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? restoration of homeostasis and reducing cognitive load

A

physio/reinforcement

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6
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? repeat/ enact new actions to achieve reward

A

behavioural/ guidance

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7
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? sensory mediation to discern similarity of old/new problems

A

physiological / guidance

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8
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? associative learning: alleviation of discomfort results in “ incentive”

A

behavioural / reinforcement

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9
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? Calm

A

psychological/ reinforcement

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10
Q

what type of reward circuitry is this? memory

A

psychological / guidance

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11
Q

what 2 types of reward circuitry involves bottom up processes: activation/ inhibition of sensory motor systems

A

motivation and reinforcement

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12
Q

what types of reward circuitry involves top- down process: backward- propagated conditioning

A

guidance

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13
Q

3 types of dopaminergic reward circuitry

A
  1. motivation
  2. guidance
  3. reinforcement
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14
Q

dopamine relates? to ?

A

problem to solution

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15
Q

what type of reward circuitry ?

depletion of resources causes disinhibition of motor regions

A

motivation

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16
Q

what is the evolutionary perspective of motivation?

A

facilitates the “doing something about it” response

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17
Q

what is the cognitive neuroscience perspective on motivation?

A

Hebbian synapse - induces learning by priming neural firing (hits “record” in the memory system)

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18
Q

what type of reward circuitry?
Surges to correct responses, resulting in organization of responses (conditioning)
- after repetition, response is propagated

A

guidance

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19
Q

what type of reward circuitry?

Primary dopamine response to obtaining reward

A

reinforcement

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20
Q

in the reinforcement reward circuitry the primary dopamine response is to? whereas the secondary DA response is to?

A
  • obtaining the reward

- restored homeostasis (discomfort removed)

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21
Q

eating something that taste good and makes you not feel hungry is an example of?

A

secondary and primary dopamine response of reinforcement reward circuitry

22
Q

what is the debate of reinforcement reward circuitry

A

is the secondary response to facilitate task completion, or is the physiological completion required to avoid DA decrease

23
Q

pleasure is ? whereas homeostasis is?

A
  • liking, wanting
24
Q

Evolutionary predisposition to items that facilitate survival and why?

A

liking

- feels good so you do it more

25
Q

what system is not run by dopamine system?

A

liking

26
Q

mu opioids and endocannabinoids

A

liking

27
Q

what system cannot be conditioned

A

liking

28
Q

this system can be used as a reinforcement

A

liking

29
Q

associative learning towards specific items and what are you associating?

A

wanting

- associating a certain chemical with feeling good

30
Q

what system do you need to have the tried the substance before?

A

wanting

31
Q

what system is dopamine mediated

A

wanting

32
Q

what is a main difference between liking and wanting

A

wanting results in satiation

33
Q

liking becomes wanting but wanting?

A

does not become liking!

34
Q

a craving (desire related to reward) is

A

liking

35
Q

desire related to homeostasis - vicious circle starts with withdrawal

A

wanting

- incentive salience

36
Q

Ambiguous relationship b/wn reward predictor & outcome

A

delayed gratification/ anticipation

37
Q

abstinence and relapse, binging is related to?

A

delayed gratification

38
Q

the debate of delayed gratification

A

is craving a function of a dopaminergic response? If so, which one? (motivation, guidance, reinforcement)

39
Q

what is hedonic homeostasis dysregulation

A

your self pleasure system going out of wack

40
Q

An model that attempts to integrate the physiological and subjective experience

A

hedonic homeostasis dysregulation

41
Q

what is allostasis

A

all aspects of an organism’s physiology needs to adapt to severe environmental demands

42
Q

Increase in distress (withdrawal) helps to make pleasure more rewarding by comparison (this is a comparison of what to theorys?)

A

opponent process theory vs incentive salience

43
Q

the within system is the sudden?

A

onset of reward

44
Q

in the within system if the reward last too long or happens to suddenly, it results in a?

A

down- regulation of receptors

brain immediately starts tolerance mechanisms

45
Q

what system increases amount of drug required to gain desired effect

A

within system

46
Q

Chronic fluctuation, i.e. occurs too often resulting in an enhancement of stress-response

A

between system

47
Q

in the between system drugs feel better because ?

A

things feel worse

48
Q

in the between system ? is heightened

A

preoccupation (propagation)

- the system keeps down regulating so the drug doesnt feel as good and the hang over gets worse

49
Q

when demands are too high, the system collapses resulting in

A

illness

50
Q

what is the beginning of the addiction cycle

A

wanting

PSYCH 345A (10 decks)

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