Basic drug info/ Tolerance ch.3 pg 40-44, 47

Question 1

tolerance got its name from?

Answer 1

mithridatism (an old myth about a king and blah blah blah)

Question 2

all of the effects of a drug diminish at the same rate is referring to
–> is this true?

Answer 2

tolerance

• no (some effects diminish faster than others)
• -> better to think of tolerance as developing to the effects of the drug rather than the drug itself

Question 3

tachyphylaxis is a word used for?

Answer 3

tolerance

Question 4

diminished effect of a drug that results from a loss of sensitivity or some adaptation at the drug’s site of action

Answer 4

tachyphylaxis

Question 5

is it possible for tolerance to occur during a single administration of a drug

Answer 5

yes (acute tolerance)

Question 6

subjective effect of alcohol; as blood alcohol level rises, you feel increasingly intoxicated, but the subjective effect peaks before blood level and the subjective effect disappears before the alcohol does
–> what is this an example of?

Answer 6

acute tolerance

Question 7

does tolerance last forever?

Answer 7

no,

Question 8

tolerance of one drug may diminish the effect of another drug

Answer 8

cross- tolerance

Question 9

arises from an increase in the rate or ability of the body to metabolize a drug, result- ing in fewer drug molecules reaching their sites of action

Answer 9

Pharmacokinetic tolerance (metabolic tolerance)

Question 10

when a drug is given repeatedly what happens to the enzymes that destroy it? and what does this mean?

Answer 10

it may induce or increase the action of the enzyme

–> faster metabolism of the drug means the drug will not reach the same peak levels and will not last as long

Question 11

type of tolerance that arises from adjustments made by the body to compensate for an effect of the continued presence of a drug. (gets faster and faster with every exposure)

Answer 11

Pharmacodynamic tolerance (physiological or cellular tolerance)

Question 12

adjustments of Pharmacodynamic tolerance are known as? and the body is always trying to reach its?

Answer 12

homeostasis

-set point

Question 13

some drugs work by blocking these receptors sites and reducing the effects of the?

Answer 13

neurotransmitter

Question 14

3 mechanisms of up regulation

Answer 14

• making more receptor sites
• increase release and synthesis of the transmitter
• changing its sensitivity to the transmitter
• -> the way the cell can respond when drugs block NT sites

Question 15

if the drug stimulates the drug site instead of blocking them what occurs?

Answer 15

down regulation

Question 16

what is the drug given for ppl with bipolar disorder and what kind of doses must it be taken in and why?

Answer 16

lithium carbonate. must be taken in small doses because it has a narrow therapeutic window and is absorbed and excreted rapidly

Question 17

describe the therapeutic window

Answer 17

If the drug reaches too high a level, there will be an in- crease in unwanted side effects and no increase in the therapeutic effect. If the drug falls below a certain level, it will not have a therapeutic effect at all