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PSYCH 345A > Sites and mechanisms of action (class) > Flashcards

Sites and mechanisms of action (class) Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons, neural network

-what type of system?

A

microsystem

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2
Q

neural networks, spinal cord

what type of system?

A

macrosystem

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3
Q

brain , environment

–> what system?

A

supra macro system

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4
Q

problem with functional classification

A

relies on operationalization

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5
Q

4 structural divisions of a neuron

A

Metabolic (Soma)
» Input (dendrites) » Conduction (Axon)
» Output (Terminals)

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6
Q

3 communicational divisions

A
  1. Integration (Hillock)
  2. Transmission (Nodes of Ranvier)
  3. Synapse
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7
Q

do all neurons have the same 4 structural divisions?

A

no, but MOST

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8
Q

“emergency response” to depolarization

A

action potential

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9
Q

a neuron is dead at how many mv?

A

0

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10
Q

passive transport relies on a? and the chemical molecules can be? (3)

A

transport protein

  1. lipid soluble
  2. small/simple chains
  3. uncharged (not an ion)
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11
Q

what type of protein binding is direct and fast

A

iontropic

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12
Q

what type of protein binding?

–> receptor changes –> flow across membrane

A

iontropic

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13
Q

what type of protein binding?

- change in other cells –> flows across membrane –> production of chemicals

A

metabotropic

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14
Q

what type of protein binding is indirect and slow?

A

metabotropic

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15
Q

ability to form bonds with other substances

A

protein binding

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16
Q

binding to electrons can be irreversible or reversible. what is an example of a reversible molecule

A

hydrogen (any molecule involving water can come apart really easily)

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17
Q

how does a molecule become toxic?

A

through irreversible covalent chemical bond to a toxic substance

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18
Q

3 types of terminating synaptic action

A
  1. ectopic
  2. enzymatic degradation
  3. reuptake
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19
Q

what terminating action involves “floating away” and is rare

A

ectopic

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20
Q

what terminating action involves “lock and key” model, bonds in substrate weakened

A

enzymatic degradation

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21
Q

what terminating action involves a transport protein and an enzyme

A

reuptake

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22
Q

2 types or receptor actions that play a role in regulation

A
  • autoreceptors

- retrograde synapse

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23
Q

the minute the AP hits off the post synapticneuron, it has its own
chemicals that go attach to the pre synpatic neuron and tell it to stop
–> what is this an example of?

A
  • retrograde synapse
24
Q

Excitatoxicity is a form of?

A

cell death

25
Q

Damage/elimination of neurons as a result of over-stimulation “burn out”

A

excitotoxicity

26
Q

during a “burn out” what causes increased enzymatic activation

A

high calcium influx

27
Q

programmed cell death. this is called? and happens when?

A
  • apoptosis

- happens during excitotoxicity during a “burn out”

28
Q

repeated withdrawals is called?

A

kindling

29
Q

drugs can effect what part of chemical transmission (5)

A
  • synthesis
  • storing
  • release (into the synapse)
  • reuptake (autoreceptors and post synaptic retrograde cells)
  • activation
30
Q

drugs can behave in to ways?

A

1) antagonist

2) agonism

31
Q

a NT is considered a NT if it has these 4 characteristics:

A
  1. The Presynaptic cell.. (Produces, stores, and releases)
  2. The post-synaptic cell… (Has receptors for chemical) 3. Blocking affects transmission
  3. Artificial activation changes receptors
32
Q

what differentiates a NT form a drug

A

the presynaptic cell and artificial activation changes receptors

33
Q

what differentiates a NT from a metabolite

A

the post synaptic cell

34
Q

what differentiates a NT form a toxin/ nutrient

A

blocking affects transmission

35
Q

quaternary NT function

and what NT?

A

Learning/ Memory

  • -> associative, encoding and retrieval
  • acetylcholine
36
Q

what is acetylcholine also involved in?

A

Nausea

37
Q

monoamine: dopamine: function?

A
  1. learning/ memory (reward and punishment)

2. motor control (inhibition)

38
Q

monoamine: norepinephrine: function:

A

mobilize (alertness/arousal)

“fight or flight”

39
Q

indolamines: seratonin: function

A

“soothing”

- sleep (reality monitoring), mood

40
Q

function of amino acids in general

  • function fo gaba
  • function of glutamate
  • function fo histamine
A
  • regulatory system (monitor and mediate actions)
  • inhibit
  • activate
  • immune regulatory response
41
Q

Autonomic tract
– Maintain breathing, heart beat, etc
– Vomiting center
» Not shielded by blood/brain barrier

A

medulla oblongata

42
Q

what is the last resort trigger for vomiting

A

medulla oblongata

43
Q

-Integration of sensory/motor movement

– Visual, auditory, somatosensory, vestibular

A

cerebellum

44
Q

what brain part is the first and last interaction b/n brain and body

A

cerebellum

45
Q

pons part of mid brain or hind brain?

A

mid brain (function of behaviour)

46
Q

pons job

A

relay to mid and fore brain

47
Q

2 parts of pons and their functions

A
  • locus coeruleus: processes sensory info

- reticular formation: arousal, selective attention, wakefullness (raphe nucleus)

48
Q

the raphe nucleus is part of what and is responsible for what?

A

part of the reticular formation of the pons and is responsible for initiating sleep

49
Q

mid brain is involved in?

A

reward circuitry

50
Q

periaqueductal Gray is involved in encoding?
and the ventral tegmental area is involved with?
–> both parts of?

A
  • pain/punishment
  • reward circuitry/pleasure
  • midbrain
51
Q

hippocampus function

A

learning/memory

52
Q

amygdala function

A

negative emotion

  • regulation of it
  • memory of it
  • reactivity
53
Q

hypothalamus function

A

physiological based drives

(homeostasis) EVERYTHING

54
Q

thalamus function

A

relay (motor and sensory)

55
Q

cerebral cortex function

A

executive/ cognitive control

56
Q

insula function

A

Consciousness, self-awareness, interpersonal experience, imagination, gustation, audition

PSYCH 345A (10 decks)

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