Tokohu earthquake 2011

Question 1

when did the earthquake occur

Answer 1

11th march 2011

Question 2

what is japans HDI

Answer 2

0.919

Question 3

what is japans GDP

Answer 3

5.06 trillion

Question 4

measurement of earthquake

Answer 4

9.1 Mw

Question 5

plate boundaries in the hazard

Answer 5

convergence of Okhotsk plate and pacific plate - earthquakes between these plates have higher focus - greater impacts

Question 6

epicentre

Answer 6

70km offshore of Honshu island

Question 7

what was the focus depth

Answer 7

shallow focus depth of 32 km

Question 8

how much did Honshu island shift

Answer 8

shifted 2.4m to the east

Question 9

how much did the earth shift on its axis

Answer 9

10 - 25cm

Question 10

what was the height of the tsunamis

Answer 10

reached heights of 40.5m

Question 11

how far inland did the tsunami travel

Answer 11

travelled inland up to 10km at Sendai

Question 12

ground displacement - coastline

Answer 12

400km stretch of coastline dropped vertically by 0.6m

Question 13

ground displacement - sea bed

Answer 13

sea bed rose by 7m and moved westward by 40m - 50m

Question 14

where did liquefaction occur

Answer 14

liquefaction reclaimed land around Tokyo bay - destroying 30 buildings and damaging 1046 others

Question 15

landslides

Answer 15

3,477 landslides

80% of which were in Neogone and Quaternary rocks (younger than 23 million years)

Question 16

what is the relationship between distance form the epicentre and liquefaction

Answer 16

random correlation - as the southern area is further from the epicentre but had more liquefaction

Question 17

what is the correlation between topography and landslides

Answer 17

landslides occur on steep gradient areas - aswell as around river valleys - which may lead to more prevalent landslides

Question 18

what may be the reason for variation in wave height in the north and south

Answer 18

the bays and rough coastline of the north channelled the waves which caused a greater wave height - while the smooth southern coastline had a lower wave heigh yet more flooding as it is lower and flatter

Question 19

social impacts of the earthquake (5)

Answer 19

19,747 dead

destruction of morgues - mass graves to prevent disease

2000 young children orphaned

340,000 displaced

300 hospitals damaged

Question 20

economic impacts of the earthquake (5)

Answer 20

$181 billion cost

45,700 buildings destroyed

oil refineries set ablaze - 10 days to put out

stock market fall as decrease ability to trade for Sony, Panasonic etc

damage to undersea cables - short term - restriction of internet

Question 21

environmental impacts of the earthquake (4)

Answer 21

farmland flooded by sea water - contaminated - unfarmable

destruction of pine forest in Iwate - loss of protection against coastal flooding

tsunami Brough invasive species which altered eco systems

radioactive contamination of Pacific Ocean - loss of fishing and leisure

Question 22

political impacts of earthquake (3)

Answer 22

cost of $122 billion for clean up and stabilisation of financial markets

rise of populist movements against nuclear power - global - influenced by Germany

scandal later showed that several nuclear plants had not been properly protected from tsunami hazards

Question 23

significance of social impacts

Answer 23

19,747 deaths - long term - may cause families to be without income - leading to greater poverty - furthermore 6242 injuries - strain on health services - also stops people from working - long term may leave them unemployed and without income

Question 24

significance of economic impacts

Answer 24

impacts were high - as impacted a global scale - trade of Sony impacts whole stock market - Toyota were unable to to export products - gaps in the market - will effect japans trade reputation - future risk of failed trade relations