Flamborough Head

Question 1

How long is the coastline

Answer 1

60 km

Question 2

What is the geology of north York moors

Answer 2

400m above sea level, made of sandstone, shales + limestone (formed during Jurassic period)

Question 3

What is the geology of flamborough head

Answer 3

Made of chalk and topped with till

Differences in rock resistance responsible for varied coastal scenery

High cliffs, bays and headlands

Question 4

Dominant wave direction

Answer 4

North and north-east

Question 5

What is the fetch

Answer 5

1500 km

Question 6

Where is the wave energy highest and why

Answer 6

The north facing nearest Saltburn as there is the most amount of exposed surface area

Question 7

Why do rate of erosion vary

Answer 7

Due to the difference in wave energy inputs but also due to a variation in resistance of different geology is

Question 8

What is the shale and clay erosion rates

Answer 8

0.8 mm per year

Question 9

What is the wave height

Answer 9

Often exceed 4 m

Question 10

What process operate from north to south

Answer 10

Long shore drift

Question 11

Sediment from the river Esk

Answer 11

Supplies limited amount of sediment due to the construction of weirs and reinforce banks

Question 12

Where is erosion and deposition occurring

Answer 12

Create a erosion occurs between Sunderland and Teeside, more deposition also occurs south of Scarborough

Question 13

What direction is the nearshore sediment moving in

Answer 13

South

Question 14

Where is the input Occuring

Answer 14

Robin Hood‘s Bay

Question 15

What are the cliffs like along the coastline

Answer 15

The sediment is horizontally bedding as a result the profiles tend to have a vertical face

most of the cliffs of a layer of the week glacial till upon them which causes a low angle

Question 16

What are the cliffs like at Flamborough

Answer 16

Cliffs made a chalk which is very strong due to tightly bonded mineral particles

The vertical cliffs are typically at 20 - 30 m high

with the overlying till lowered by mass movement processes to an angle of about 40°

Question 17

What are the cliffs like between Saltburn and Robin Hoods Bay

Answer 17

The cliffs are much higher but often with a stepped profile this reflects the more varied geology

steeper slope segments are formed in the more resistant sandstone and limestone

with gentle slopes corresponding to the weaker Clays and shales again lowered by mass movement

Question 18

Details of platforms at Robin Hood’s Bay

Answer 18

The platform slopes at a typical angle of 1° although ramped sections are steep as 15° the platform has a maximum width of about 500 m but extends much further into the offshore zone

Question 19

Headlands and bays at Robin Hood’s Bay

Answer 19

Robin Hoods Bay has been eroded into relatively weak shales with more resistant bands of sandstone Either forming the headlands of ravansgar to the south and ness point to the north

Question 20

What features are found in Sandwich Bay Flamborough head

Answer 20

Large joints or faults,

they are then exploited by the erosive action of the waves enlarging them to form caves and arches

a master joint in the chalk has been enlarged

Question 21

How many geos are there along the coastline

Answer 21

Over 50 geos have formed along this coastline

most of them aligned to the north east, facing the dominant wave direction

Question 22

Blowholes along the coastline?

Answer 22

They have developed were vertical master joints in the chalk have been enlarged subsequently chalk and border clay have collapsed into the underlying sea caves leaving a funnel like depression on the clifftop

Question 23

Where are beaches found along the coastline?

Answer 23

They are found in the sheltered low energy environment such as Scarborough and Filey Bay

Question 24

Why does sediment accumulate slowly

Answer 24

Deposits of sand and shingle accumulate slowly owing to low input of sediment from rivers and the slow rate of erosion of the resistant rocks

Question 25

Why are there no spits along the coastline despite there being LSD

Answer 25

Because high energy waves remove sediment before it can accumulate
although LSD is considerable the coastline has no spits due partly to the high tidal range of around 4 m and the lack of estuarine in environment that would provide sediment sinks