Token Economy Flashcards
What is a token? Examples-
A token is a tangible item that can be immediately delivered after occurrence of target bx. Must be practical, convenient, & unique. Eg- Money, golden star, poker chips, etc…
Describe how tokens are used-
After accumulating x amount, can be turned in for a reward/reinforcement. Can also be used in Response Cost- removal of x amount in occurrence of PB.
What is a Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer?
A reinforcer that is not naturally reinforcing when alone; after being paired with other Backup Reinforcers, it has gained value. Eg- Money.
What are Backup Reinforcers?
Naturally reinforcing items that are paired with Conditioned Reinforcers to add value to Conditioned Reinforcer- Food paired with money, gas paired with getting to x location. Chosen based off of individual & target behavior.
Describe the advantages of a token economy-
- Can be used on an FR1 schedule, delivered immediately.
- Highly structured; desirable bx’s are reinforced consistently.
- Tokens are Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers, giving change agent the flexibility to choose what to use.
- Tokens are easily dispensed, easily accumulated, easy to carry around/keep track of amount.
- Provide easy application of Response Cost.
- Recipient can also learn planning/saving skills from saving tokens for larger item in future.
Describe the disadvantages of a token economy-
- Time & Effort involved in organizing & conducting; cost of purchasing/providing backup reinforcers.
- Staff training & management to deliver tokens immediately and consistently after target bx.
When considering the use of a token economy, what questions should be addressed?
- Can staff/change agents be trained to carry out the program consistently on a daily basis?
- Are there sufficient financial resources to conduct the program? (Common activities that are free- watching tv, playing a game..)
- Do the expected benefits justify the time, effort, and cost of conducting?
