Quiz 4 Objectives Flashcards
List and define the three types of Differential Reinforcement procedures.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)
- Conducted on an FR1 schedule
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) - Based on Intervals of Time
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of bx (DRL)
DRA: Reinforce desirable/appropriate bx & EXT for undesirable (classic differential reinforcement)
DRO: Reinforce Absence of problem bx for Specified amount of time & EXT for problem bx.
DRL: Reinforcement contingent on a lower rate of responding during a period of time.
What are the two ways to Determine Reinforcers to use in a DRA intervention?
- First* - conduct an FBA to determine the SR maintaining the problem bx, your substitute SR will be based on this.
1) Verbal Preference Assessment: Ask the person or someone close what items activities are preferred.
2) Item or Activity Preference Assessment
List the three types of Preference Assessments & how each are conducted.
Singe-stimulus: Each item presented one at a time, calculate & graph % of times each item chosen.
Paired-stimulus Preference Assessment: Two items presented. Calculate & graph % times each item chosen.
Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment: Record which item is chosen, remove chosen item, present remaining items. Graph Hierarchy
Why are reinforcer assessments conducted?
To validate preference assessment outcome.
Process:
- Determine operant response.
- Conduct BL
- Conduct SR phase where SR contingent upon each occurrence of operant response.
Describe DRA for problem behavior maintained by attention.
Provide attention on an FR1 for desirable bx - No longer deliver attention (SR) for undesirable bx.
Describe DRA for problem bx maintained by tangibles.
Provide preferred tangible immediately on FR1 for desirable bx. - No longer deliver tangible (SR) for undesirable bx.
Describe DRA for problem bx maintained by escape.
Provide escape (break) immediately FR1 style for desirable bx. - No longer deliver/allow escape for/when undesirable bx occurs.
How are problem bx’s maintained by attention, tangibles, and escape similar & different?
After desirable continuously occurs & undesirable decreases, thin the schedule of SR (intermittently delivered) to promote maintenence
What is functional communication training(FCT)?
Desirable bx is a COMMUNICATIVE response to gain access to SR
- “Play with me”
- “Can I have __?”
- Signing for desired Sr
List several examples of communicative responses (FCT) that can be used depending on the person’s abilities.
- Asking for ____
- Signing for ___
- Using picture card
- Using communication device
How is the initial DRO interval determined?
Through an FBA - determine WTF SR is so that SR may be replace with preferred SR for preferred bx.
If problem bx occurs during DRO, what should the change agent do?
Restart the timer.
What is the difference between Full-Session DRL & Spaced-Responding DRL?
Full-session: SR delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur during a period of time = full-session
Spaced-responding: SR delivered contingent on a predetermined amount of time between responses.
What is an example of a DR procedure?
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Explain the DRO procedure steps. Give an example.
Identify PB. Identify SR maintaining PB bx. Come up with SR that will promote preferred bx. Perform FBA to confirm new SR’s effectiveness. Plan delivery of SR contingent on less than amount of time that passes, on average, between each PB.
E.g.- Johnny keeps feeding the dog at the dinner table. Functional SR is attention- replace SR with games at the table(i spy). Because Johnny seems to feed the dog about every 5 minutes, deliver SR about every 3 minutes, gradually increasing as Johnny’s table manners improve.
