Quiz 6 Objectives

Question 1

What is a Behavioral Contract?

Answer 1

A written agreement between two parties in which one or both parties agree to engage in a specified level of a target behavior or behaviors.

Question 2

What are the 5 Components of a Behavior Contract?

Answer 2

1) Identifying the target behaviors
2) Stating how the target behaviors will be Measured
3) Stating When the behavior must be Performed
4) Identifying the Reinforcement or Punishment Contingency
5) Identifying Who will Deliver the contingency

Question 3

What ways can a target behavior be Measured in a Behavioral Contract? Examples-

Answer 3

• Permanent Products (Getting an A, making x amount of __, cleaning)
• Automated Recording (steps on a fit bit)
• Direct Observation and Documentation (Mom seeing you home on time)

Question 4

What is the difference between a One-Party Contract and a Two-Party Contract?

Answer 4

In a One-Party Contract, the goal of behavior change is with one individual only; whereas in a Two-Party Contract, the goal is with two individuals.

In a One-Party Contract, the contract manager must not gain from the contingencies - Unethical

Question 5

What is a Quid Pro Quo Contract?

Answer 5

A Two-Party Contract in which the performance of each party’s contingency acts as the reinforcer for the other.

Question 6

What is a Parallel Contract?

Answer 6

A Two-Party Contract with a separate reinforcer for each individual. This avoids the possibility of one party not performing target behaviors as a result of other party not performing theirs.

Question 7

What is a Group Contingency?

Answer 7

Consequence (e.g., reward/ reinforcer) contingent on behavior of one member of the group, behavior of part of the group, or behavior of everyone in the group.

Question 8

Define an Independent group contingency. Examples-

Answer 8

Each Individuals performance determines their access to the SR. (To each his own)

• You do well in the class, you get a good grade.

Question 9

Define a Dependent group contingency. Examples-

Answer 9

The entire group’s access to the SR is dependent on one individual, part of the group, or the entire group’s performance. One for All

• If the lowest 3 grades get above an 80% on this exam, no homework for the class.

Question 10

Define an Interdependent group contingency. Examples-

Answer 10

If ALL members of the group meet criterion, SR is delivered for the entire class. All for One

• If the entire class earns at least an 80%, SR is delivered.

Question 11

List and describe two advantages of group contingencies.

List and describe the main potential disadvantage of group contingencies.

Answer 11

Advantages-
- Efficient: Rather than implementing a contingency for each individual, go groupie.

• Peer monitoring: Peers will hold each other accountable to grain access to SR.

Disadvantage: Negative Social Pressure i.e. threats, harassment.

Question 12

List the components of the Good Behavior Game-

Answer 12

• Divide group/class into teams
• Establish rules
• Provide feedback for rule violations
• Establish criterion for winning game
• Deliver rewards to winning team(s) using interdependent group contingency

Question 13

Define Anxiety-

Answer 13

Physiological response to fear/situation- unpleasant bodily responses, autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 14

What is relaxation training? List the 4 types of relaxation training-

Answer 14

Relaxation training is: Strategies people use to decrease autonomic arousal (anxiety feeling) that involve engaging in bodily responses opposite to the autonomic arousal.

• Progressive Muscle Relaxation
• Diaphragmatic Breathing
• Attention-Focusing Exercises
• Behavioral Relaxation Training

Question 15

What is Progressive Muscle Relaxation in ‘relaxation training’

Answer 15

Client systematically moves down body, tensing and relaxing that part of body. E.g.- Right arm, left arm, torso, back, etc.

Question 16

What is the Diaphragmatic Breathing exercise in relaxation training?

Answer 16

You know this…

Question 17

What are Attention-Focusing Exercises in relaxation training?

Answer 17

Meditation/Guided Imagery

Question 18

What is the Behavioral Relaxation Training method in relaxation training?

Answer 18

Person taught to relax each muscle group in body by assuming relaxed posturers - Therapist provides instruction for client to put each part of body into each of the 10 relaxation behaviors (head, eyes, mouth, throat, shoulders, body, hands, feet, quiet, breathing)

Question 19

What is Systematic Desensitization? Describe-

Answer 19

Person with phobia practices relaxation while imagining scenes of fear-producing stimulus -

• Use fear-rating scale (0-100) to identify amount of fear produced by variety of situations related to fear stimulus
• Determine 10-20 different situations that progressively cause more fear
• Client practices relaxation skills while therapist describes scenes from the hierarchy
• Progress through hierarchy of fear-producing stimulus descriptions as client maintains relaxation

Question 20

What is in Vivo Desensitization?

Answer 20

Client gradually approaches or is gradually exposed to actual fear-producing stimulus -

• Client learns relaxation skills
• Therapist and client develop hierarchy of situations involving fear-producing stimulus
• Client experiences each situation in hierarchy while maintaining relaxation

Question 21

What is Flooding?

Answer 21

Person is exposed to feared stimulus at full intensity until anxiety subsides in presence of feared stimulus.

Question 22

Give an example of an In Vivo Desensitization practice-

Answer 22

Spider, squirrel, dog, cat…

Question 23

Define Cognitive Behavior-

Answer 23

Covert behavior. Behavior that cannot be observed by others- talking to yourself, introspection, thinking about a solution to a problem, etc.

Question 24

What is Cognitive Restructuring? List the steps-

Answer 24

Restructure ones covert responses, thoughts, with more beneficial, less problematic thoughts; or just eliminate the negative thoughts all together.

• Help client identify distressing thoughts and situations in which occur.
• Help client identify emotional response, unpleasant mood, or problem bx that following distressing thought.
• Allows client to see how distressing thought is antecedent to unpleasant emotional response, mood, or problem bx.
• Help client stop thinking distressing thoughts by helping think more rational or desirable thoughts.
• When client thinks more rational/desirable thoughts, less likely to have negative emotional responses or to engage in problem bx.

Question 25

What are the Functions of Cognitive Behavior?

Answer 25

• Cognitive bx may function as conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits unpleasant conditioned response (CR).
  > Fearful thoughts elicit autonomic arousal (anxiety)
  > Angry thoughts elicit autonomic arousal (“anger”)
• Cognitive bx may function as Sds for desirable bx.
  > Reciting rule/self-instruction, may be more likely to engage in desirable bx specified by rule/self-instruction.
• Cognitive bx may function as motivating operation (MOs) that influence power of SR or PUN.
  > How we talk to selves about events in lives may change value of those events as SR or pun.
• Cognitive bx may function as SR or PUN when follow some other bx.
  > Praise statements or critical statements made by person can serve as SR or pun for their own bx.

Question 26

Describe the two components for cognitive therapy for depression-

Answer 26

• Getting person to engage in more reinforcing activities.

- Cognitive restructuring to change distorted thinking or self-talk.

Question 27

What is cognitive coping skills training? List the steps of cognitive coping skills training-

Answer 27

Therapist teaches client specific self-statements can make in problem situation to improve their performance or influence their bx in the situation.

• Identify problem situation, define desirable bx to be increased, & identify competing bx.
• Identify self-instructions most helpful in problem situation.
• Use behavioral skills training (BST) to teach self-instructions

Question 28

What is Acceptance & Commitment Therapy? Examples-

Answer 28

The goal is to learn to Accept that they have No Control over their thoughts/feelings - when they learn to accept them, the thoughts/feelings lose their ability to disrupt the individuals life.