Toddlers and Preschoolers

Question 1

Gold standard for diagnosis of developmental delays in infants and toddlers?

Answer 1

BAILEY III up to 42 months

Denver II up to 6 years old

Question 2

Toddler play versus Preschooler play

Answer 2

Toddler: Onlooker and parallel play
Preschooler: Associative and cooperative play

Question 3

Hearing tests for toddlers and preschoolers

Answer 3

play audiometry and pure tone audiometry

Question 4

Causes of turned-in foot

Answer 4

Tibial torsion- normal to age 4

Femoral anteversion- normal to adolescence

Question 5

Genu varum versus genu valgum

Answer 5

Varum: bow-legged, normal variant as toddler
Valgum: knock-knees, normal variant as preschooler

Question 6

Lead screening recommendations

Answer 6

Screen by 2 years old IF at risk

Question 7

What are some signs and symptoms of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)?

Answer 7

cognitive and learning delays, emotional unresponsiveness

Question 8

When is the onset of delay of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)?

Answer 8

by age 3

Question 9

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

Answer 9

form of PDD with marked regression after 2 years of normal development

Question 10

Rett’s disorder

Answer 10

• severe form of PDD, females only, regression after a normal first 5 months
• presents with lack of gain in milestones, CNS irritability, hypertonicity, seizures, scoliosis, delayed head growth, and stereotypic hand movements

Question 11

Asperger’s syndrome

Answer 11

Usually discovered at school age.
Sustained impaired social interaction.
Commonly occurs with OCD behaviors.

Question 12

Autism

Answer 12

Type of PDD noted within first year of life.

Greatly restricted interests and social impairment with possible language delay.

Question 13

Pervasive Development Disorders (PDD)

Answer 13

“autism spectrum”; altered response to environmental stimuli and impaired social interactions

Question 14

When to refer stuttering?

Answer 14

lasts longer than 6 months
older than 6 years old
child avoids speaking

Question 15

Differential diagnosis for stuttering

Answer 15

hearing or vision impairment

Question 16

How often does stuttering resolve without intervention?

How long does it take to resolve?

Answer 16

Resolves 50 percent of the time, usually after several weeks up to 6 months.

Question 17

Timing of potty training?

Answer 17

daytime control typically obtained by 2 years old
night time control usually lags by 1 year
red flag if not potty trained by age 4

Question 18

Signs of heart problems in kids

Answer 18

Orbital edema

“Tet spells”