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AANP FNP: Pediatrics > Growth & Development > Flashcards

Growth & Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Fine Motor Milestones

A

2-3mo: grasp/shake rattle
3-4mo: reaches for object
5-6mo: hand to hand transfer
6-10mo: raking grasp, to finger grasp, to pincer grasp
10-12mo: marks on paper
17-18mo: uses a spoon, stacks 3 blocks
22-24mo: turns door knob, stacks 6-7 blocks
3yr: copies a circle
4yr: draws person with 4-6 parts, stacks 10 blocks
5yr: copies square, prints letters, ties shoes

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2
Q

Gross Motor Milestones

A

2-3mo: head control, raises head during tummy time by 3mo
5-6mo: rolls back to front, no head lag, sits with support
7mo: sits alone
8-10mo: pulls to stand
10-12mo: stands alone
12-14mo: walks
22-24mo: stairs, jumps, runs with wide gait, kicks ball
3yr: rides tricycle
4yr: stairs with alternating feet, rides bike with training wheels
5yr: skips, jumps rope, plays ball

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3
Q

How do you determine “bone age”?

A

X-ray of tarsals and carpals to determine extent of ossification

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4
Q

Age to start calculating BMI?

A

2 years old

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5
Q

How long do you have to calculate corrected gestational age (CGA) for premature infants?

How do you calculate it?

A

Calculate for up to 2 years

Calculation: (chronological age) - (amount of time premature)

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6
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

A

Infancy: Oral Stage (passive 0-6mo, aggressive 7-18mo)
Toddler (18mo-3yr): Anal Stage
Preschool (3-6yr): Phallic Stage (Oedipal complex)
School Age (6-12yr): Latency Stage
Adolescence (12-18yr): Genital Stage

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7
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

A

Infancy (0-1yr): Trust vs mistrust
Todder (1-3yr): Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool (3-6yr): Initiative vs guilt
School Age (6-12yr): Industry vs inferiority
Adolescence (12-18yr): Identity vs role confusion

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8
Q

Piaget: Formal Operational Thought

A 
11-15 yrs
Ability to abstract
Complex problem solving
Reality-based
Logical conclusions
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9
Q

Piaget: Concrete Thinking Stage

A

7-11yrs
Capable of logical thought
Logical operations

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10
Q

Piaget: Preoperational-Intuitive Stage

A

4-7yrs

Beginning of causation

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11
Q

Piaget: Preoperational-Preconceptual Stage

A

2-4yrs
Focus on one thing at a time
Egocentrism
Difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy (magical thinking)
No cause and effect reasoning yet; developing intuitive thought

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12
Q

Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage

A 
0-2yrs
Inborn reflexes
Very reactive to environment
Object permanence (8-9 months)
Becomes increasingly aware of environment
Trial and error learning
Simple problem solving
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13
Q

Piaget’s Cognitive Stages (list them and ages)

A 
0-2yrs: Sensorimotor
2-4yrs: Preoperational-Preconceptual
4-7yrs: Preoperational-Intuitive
7-11yrs: Concrete thinking
11-15yrs: Formal operational thought
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14
Q

Sequence of primary tooth eruption

A

Mandibular to maxillary
“Come Little Monsters Chew Meat”

Central incisor (6 months)
Lateral incisor (7-9 months)
Molar (first) (12-14 months)
Cuspid/canine (16-18 months)
Molar (second) (20-24 months)
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15
Q

Fluoride supplementation recommendations for pediatrics

A

Supplement if local water supply is less than 0.6ppm
Start at 6 months old (first tooth)
Call health department for information on local water supply

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16
Q

Iron supplementation recommendations for pediatrics

A

1mg/kg/day in breastfed infants starting at 4-6 months old
Formula should be iron-fortified
Stop when taking sufficient solid foods containing iron
No cow’s milk less than 1 year old
Routine screening for anemia at 6-12 months and 2 years

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17
Q

Special supplementation recommendations for breastfed babies of vegetarian/vegan mothers?

A

Vitamin B12, to prevent neurological abnormalities

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18
Q

Vitamin D supplementation recommendations for pediatrics

A

400iu per day from 2 month to adolescent aged

19
Q

Normal growth rate of preschool and school aged kids

weight and height gained per year

A

5-7 pounds per year

2.5 inches per year

20
Q

Weight DOUBLES by what age?
TRIPLES by what age?
QUADRUPLES by what age?

A

Doubles by 5 months
Triples by 1 year
Quadruples by 2 years

21
Q

Percentage of initial infant weight loss?

When is it regained?

A

10 percent loss

Regained in 7-14 days

22
Q

Normal expected weight gain for infants

A 
1 ounce (30 grams) per day for the first 3 months,
then 15-20 grams per day for the next 3 months
23
Q

Benefits of breast feeding

A
  • Less illness in infants because maternal antibodies are transferred
  • Decreased allergies in kids
  • Decreased GI problems (like GER)
  • Less chance of the child being overweight
24
Q

Caloric requirement for adults

A

30kcal/kg/day

25
Q

Caloric requirement for adolescents

A

45kcal/kg/day

26
Q

Caloric requirement for 2-10yr old

A

100-70kcal/kg/day

27
Q

Caloric requirement for 7 months to 1 year old?

A

100kcal/kg/day

28
Q

Caloric requirement for birth to 6 months old?

A

120kcal/kg/day

29
Q

When do the permanent teeth erupt?

A

Mandibular to maxillary
“My Children Like Cold Bologna Meat”

Molar (first) at 6-7yr
Central incisor at 6-8yr
Lateral incisor at 7-9yr
Cuspid/Canine at 9-12yr
Bicupsid (first and second) at 10-12yr
Molar (second) at 11-13yr
30
Q

Breastfeeding is recommended at least up to what age?

A

6 months old

31
Q

Orthopedic injury is often missed in children under what age?

A

in children under 7 years old

32
Q

Brain doubles in size by what age? 80 percent of adult size at what age? Adult size at what age?

A

Doubles at 6 months
80 percent of adult size at 2 years old
Adult size at 6 years old

33
Q

What occurs physiologically as the nervous system develops?

A

Nerve myelination and synapse formation

34
Q

What physiologically places children at higher risk for hypoglycemia?

A

Higher metabolism

Limited glycogen stores

35
Q

How long do you measure head circumference?

A

Up to 2 years old

35
Q

How long do you take a thorough newborn history?

A

Up to 3 years old

35
Q

How long do premies have to catch up before referral?

A

2 years

35
Q

When do you start checking blood pressure?

A

3 years old

35
Q

What is a xenobiotic?

A

Antibiotic taken by mom during pregnancy

35
Q

Recommended sleep for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and school aged kids?

A

Infant: 8-12 hours per night, 2-3 naps per day
Toddlers/preschoolers: 10-12 hours per night, daily nap
School age: 8-10 hours per night

35
Q

When does visual acuity approach/reach 20/20?

A

School age/adolescents

35
Q

When do you do scoliosis screening?

A

Start at age 9 and go to 2 years after peak height velocity

35
Q

When does hand dominance emerge?

A

7-9 years old

AANP FNP: Pediatrics (18 decks)

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