Pediatric Endocrinology Flashcards
1
Q
Rule of thumb for insulin initiation
A
0.5 units/kg/day, giving 2/3 dose in AM and 1/3 in evening
2
Q
Frequency of DM screening for at-risk kids
A
Begin at age 10 or onset of puberty (whichever comes first) and repeat every 2 years
3
Q
Only approved oral hypoglycemic medication for kids
A
Metformin–850mg twice a day or 500mg three times a day–
Does not stimulate insulin action, but reduces gluconeogenesis
4
Q
Hyperthyroidism
A
- Graves disease is most common cause
- Labs: Increased T3, T4, low TSH, ANA usually elevated without evidence of lupus
- Refer to endocrinology
5
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
- congenital, newborn screen, Hashimoto’s (autoimmune acquired)
- Labs: elevated TSH, low T4 (T3 not a good indicator), increased serum cholesterol and liver enzymes
- Refer to endocrinologist, Synthroid hormone replacement
6
Q
Explain the thyroid negative feedback loop
A
T3,T4–>hypothalamus–>TRH–>pituitary–>TSH–>thyroid–>T3,T4