Toddler G&D Flashcards
Toddler age
1-3Y
Toddler physical growth
- wt gain 5-6lb/y
- grow 5 in/y (approx 27 lbs—height is 1/2 what it will be at age 2)
- head 2.5 cm growth during 2nd yr
- fontanels—anterior doesn’t close until 12-18M of age
- teeth—20 baby teeth by age 3
- overall look—pot-bellied, legs slightly bowed, lordosis
Toddler gross dev
-15M walk w/o help
-18M throw ball
-24M goes up stairs (may be monkey crawl) and runs fairly well
-2.5Y can jump with both feet
-begins kicking ball
Toddler fine motor control
-15M uses cup well, can put round peg in board and scribble (full hand/shoulder motion first)
-can build tower of cubes (2 cubes 15M, 3-4 cubes 18M, 6-7 cubes 24M)
-hold crayon with fingers by 24-30M
-good hand-finger coordination by 30M
-copies a circle and line by 2Y
Toddler fine motor development
- learns to dress self
- hold spoon by 15M (may be frustrating to learn but let them try even if messy—learn with practice)
- 18M uses spoon well
Toddler sensory development
- visual acuity 20/40
- knows own name by 12M
- follows simple directions by 2Y
- remember and repeat 3# by 3Y
- use short sentences by 18-24M
- ID geometric forms by 18M
- able to speak 300 words by 2Y
- combines at least 2 words together for speaking
- object permanence dev by 2Y
- ritualism
Toddler stress signs
Negativism, regress, rigidity, lack socialibility, tantrums, self-centeredness
Toddler sexuality
- explore body and body parts
- masturbation and self-stim
- parenteral rxns important (teach ok in private)
- learning vocab for genitalia
- sex role differences evident
Toddlers and separation
- differentiate between self and others
- toddler assumes own char
- can be away from parent for short time
- less fear of strangers when parents are present
- be excited about the separation—highlight positives
- help child prepare for events
- btwn 2-3Y, able to do simple tasks
Toddlers lang development
- inc comprehension
- 300 words by age 2
- by age 2, multi word sentences
- 65% is understandable at age 3
- Promote language development
Parallel play
Kids playing by themselves but next to each other
Toddler play
- focus on inc control of body
- gross motor dev—small puzzle
- multiple use of senses to play
- parallel play by 30M
- imitation play (trucks, dress-up, dishes, cleaning)
- danger in toys
- rough and tumble play
Toddler Psychosocial development
- differentiation of self from others
- toleration of separation from parents
- ability to withstand delayed gratification
- control over bodily functions
- acquisition of socially acceptable behavior
- verbal means of communication
- ability to interact with others in a less egocentric manner (learn to share and take turns)
Erikson for toddlers
- autonomy vs shame and doubt
- learn to control body
- need to start limit setting
- negativism and ritualism very important—don’t always need to correct things right away—shoes can stay on wrong feet and shirt can be backwards
Kohlberg for toddlers
Preconventional
- basic level
- little concern for why something is wrong; they behave bc of the boundaries or freedoms they are given
- action is considered good or bad based on whether the action is rewarded or punished
