Immunizations Flashcards
Go to source for child education
CDC
Communicable disease
Disease that is passed from one person to another
Mode of transmission
How the disease is passed from reservoir to human host
Incubation period
Time between first exposure to initial symptoms
Prodromal period
Interval between earliest symptoms and when you start to feel bad
Communicable period
How long you feel bad
Antibody
Pro found mostly in serum that is formed in response to exposure to specific antigen
Antigen
Foreign substances that cause the body to make antibodies
Natural passive immunity
How the mom passes on immunity to fetus; temporary, passes antibodies in a natural manner (ex: when baby born, has several months of natural passive immunity so dont need to start vax until 2 months of age)
Natural active immunity
Immune bodies/antibodies are actively formed against a specific antigen by naturally having the disorder (ex: chicken pox)
Artificial active immunity
Immune bodies are formed against a specific antigen by artificially introducing the antigen in the person (ex: MMR vax)
Artificial passive
Temporary immunity by transfer of immunoglobulins from one human to another who has been actively immunized against the antigen (ex: COVID—antibodies are pulled from ppl who had COVID and spun up into serum given to ppl who haven’t had it)
Nurses responsibility of immunizations
- Maintain adequate record (date, manufacturer, expiration date and lot # of vax, name, address, title of person administering)
- how to properly store and administer
- education and support of family
- up to date (UTD) info about the vax
Why ppl don’t immunize?
- fear SE
- medical condition
- religious conflict
- lack edu or resources
Live attenuated virus vax***IMPORTANT
Suspension of live or inactivated microorgs or fractions of the microorg administered to induce immunity and prevent infectious disease (MMR, varicella, flu mist)
- not given to kids on steroids or who have cancer
- kids that are immunocompromised can’t build up enough immunity if given the live virus
Killed or toxoid vax, human immune sero globulin, animal antitoxins
Killed or toxins that are now not toxic but stimulate the immune system to respond
Diphtheria
Toxoid that causes a thick covering in the back of the throat and leads to breathing probs, paralysis, heart failure, and death
Tetanus
Toxoid that causes painful tightening of the muscles and can lead to lockjaw and death
Pertussis
Whooping cough; causes coughing spells so bad that is hard for infants to eat, drink, and breath; can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, death
DTaP
For Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis; given to pregnant women 26 weeks and older bc of risk for whooping cough; 5 dose series needed for complete immunization
DTaP SE
Fever, sore, red, bump, and swell at injection site; general malaise from tetanus, Pertussis—seizures (if child had seizures before, just give separate individual tetanus and diphtheria vax); generalized itching or swelling CAN BE a sign of an abnormal reaction
DTaP contraindications
- Anaphylactic rxn to vax
- encephalopathy w/i 7 days
- seizures w/ or w/o fever w/i 3 day period of dose
- don’t give Tylenol or advil after
Tdap
Works for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus but for 11-12 year olds who completed childhood DTaP series and have not receive a tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster dose; also for pregnant women
Polio and vax
Vax not given in America but given in other countries; inactivate or killed vax give 4x; for disease caused by an airborne virus that can cause paralysis and death
Measles
Virus causing rash, cough, fever and can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, seizures, brain damage, and death
Mumps
Virus causing fever, headache, swollen glands under the jaw; lead to hearing loss, meningitis, and males can have swollen, painful testicles
Rubella (German measles)
Virus that causes rash, mild fever, swollen glands, arthritis; if women are pregnant and get rubella, can lose their babies and infants born with deafness, heart disease and brain damage
MMR vax
Mumps, measles, rubella
- SE—fever (even 7-10 days after vax) and anorexia
- CI—preg, immunodeficiency
HIB vax
Hemophilus influence type B
- Protects against bacteria that causes meningitis and pneumonia and other bacteria that can cause brain damage and brain death
HIB SE and CI
- fever—minimal
- no CI
Hepatitis B
- protects against viral disease that affects the liver and can lead to long term liver disease, liver failure, death
- human immune globulin
Hep B SE and CI
Few SE; not given to ppl with anaphylactic rxn to baker’s yeast
Hep A
Killed vax given in 2 doses 6 months apart; viral infection that infects the liver leading to acute illness, long term liver disease, liver failure, and death
Hep A SE and CI
Few SE and no CI
Varicella
Live vax preventing against varicella which causes rash, slight fever, anorexia; leads to ear infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and thrombocytopenia (Dec platelets)
Varicella SE and CI
Pain and tenderness at the site, not given to pregnant or immunocompromised or kids getting steroids bc can be immunocompromised
Prevnar
Killed vax; organism it fights is Streptococcus penumoniae or pneumococcus; leading cause of serious illness among young kids worldwide and most frequent cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, sinusitis, and ear infections
Prevnar SE and CI
Local rxn, drowsy, irritable, V/D; CI is hypersensitivity to this vax
Rotavirus
Oral vax given to infants; prevents against virus with lots of V/D and can easily lead to dehydration; no SE or CI
Influenza
Recommended for kids 6 months or older that have asthma, cardiac disease, HIV, diabetes and sickle cell disease; given 1x/yr in fall; kids under 8yrs need 2 injections 2 weeks apart the first time they get
Tetanus shot
Need booster every 10 years
Synagsis
Given to prenatal infants or those at high risk to Dec chance of getting RSV which causes baby to make lots of mucus that clogs and makes hard to breathe; very pricy so reserved for high risk babies like premature or asthmatic
Meningococcal
Prevents against meningitis; started at 11-12 years and may need booster at 16-18
Garuda is
3 dose vax given to all kids under age 14; start at 11 and protects against HPV
General CI for vax
Current fever or severe febrile illness, known allergic rxn to a previously known vax
NOT CI for vax
Mild fever, moderate to severe local rxn, current antibiotic therapy, convalescent phase of therapy, prematurity, recent exposure to infectious disease, history of non-specific allergies
What happens if not records of kids vax?
Might start over but some vax can’t be given then
What happens if kids are unvaxxed?
If under age 1, begin regular schedule
If over year old, give TD, IPV, MMR, HPV
Red book
Reference for altered immunization schedules
Can immunocompromised kids get live vax?
NO
