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Pediatrics > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Go to source for child education

A

CDC

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2
Q

Communicable disease

A

Disease that is passed from one person to another

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3
Q

Mode of transmission

A

How the disease is passed from reservoir to human host

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4
Q

Incubation period

A

Time between first exposure to initial symptoms

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5
Q

Prodromal period

A

Interval between earliest symptoms and when you start to feel bad

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6
Q

Communicable period

A

How long you feel bad

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7
Q

Antibody

A

Pro found mostly in serum that is formed in response to exposure to specific antigen

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8
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign substances that cause the body to make antibodies

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9
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

How the mom passes on immunity to fetus; temporary, passes antibodies in a natural manner (ex: when baby born, has several months of natural passive immunity so dont need to start vax until 2 months of age)

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10
Q

Natural active immunity

A

Immune bodies/antibodies are actively formed against a specific antigen by naturally having the disorder (ex: chicken pox)

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11
Q

Artificial active immunity

A

Immune bodies are formed against a specific antigen by artificially introducing the antigen in the person (ex: MMR vax)

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12
Q

Artificial passive

A

Temporary immunity by transfer of immunoglobulins from one human to another who has been actively immunized against the antigen (ex: COVID—antibodies are pulled from ppl who had COVID and spun up into serum given to ppl who haven’t had it)

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13
Q

Nurses responsibility of immunizations

A
  • Maintain adequate record (date, manufacturer, expiration date and lot # of vax, name, address, title of person administering)
  • how to properly store and administer
  • education and support of family
  • up to date (UTD) info about the vax
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14
Q

Why ppl don’t immunize?

A
  • fear SE
  • medical condition
  • religious conflict
  • lack edu or resources
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15
Q

Live attenuated virus vax***IMPORTANT

A

Suspension of live or inactivated microorgs or fractions of the microorg administered to induce immunity and prevent infectious disease (MMR, varicella, flu mist)
- not given to kids on steroids or who have cancer
- kids that are immunocompromised can’t build up enough immunity if given the live virus

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16
Q

Killed or toxoid vax, human immune sero globulin, animal antitoxins

A

Killed or toxins that are now not toxic but stimulate the immune system to respond

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17
Q

Diphtheria

A

Toxoid that causes a thick covering in the back of the throat and leads to breathing probs, paralysis, heart failure, and death

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18
Q

Tetanus

A

Toxoid that causes painful tightening of the muscles and can lead to lockjaw and death

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19
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough; causes coughing spells so bad that is hard for infants to eat, drink, and breath; can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, death

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20
Q

DTaP

A

For Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis; given to pregnant women 26 weeks and older bc of risk for whooping cough; 5 dose series needed for complete immunization

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21
Q

DTaP SE

A

Fever, sore, red, bump, and swell at injection site; general malaise from tetanus, Pertussis—seizures (if child had seizures before, just give separate individual tetanus and diphtheria vax); generalized itching or swelling CAN BE a sign of an abnormal reaction

22
Q

DTaP contraindications

A
  • Anaphylactic rxn to vax
  • encephalopathy w/i 7 days
  • seizures w/ or w/o fever w/i 3 day period of dose
  • don’t give Tylenol or advil after
23
Q

Tdap

A

Works for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus but for 11-12 year olds who completed childhood DTaP series and have not receive a tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster dose; also for pregnant women

24
Q

Polio and vax

A

Vax not given in America but given in other countries; inactivate or killed vax give 4x; for disease caused by an airborne virus that can cause paralysis and death

25
Q

Measles

A

Virus causing rash, cough, fever and can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, seizures, brain damage, and death

26
Q

Mumps

A

Virus causing fever, headache, swollen glands under the jaw; lead to hearing loss, meningitis, and males can have swollen, painful testicles

27
Q

Rubella (German measles)

A

Virus that causes rash, mild fever, swollen glands, arthritis; if women are pregnant and get rubella, can lose their babies and infants born with deafness, heart disease and brain damage

28
Q

MMR vax

A

Mumps, measles, rubella
- SE—fever (even 7-10 days after vax) and anorexia
- CI—preg, immunodeficiency

29
Q

HIB vax

A

Hemophilus influence type B
- Protects against bacteria that causes meningitis and pneumonia and other bacteria that can cause brain damage and brain death

30
Q

HIB SE and CI

A
  • fever—minimal
  • no CI
31
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • protects against viral disease that affects the liver and can lead to long term liver disease, liver failure, death
  • human immune globulin
32
Q

Hep B SE and CI

A

Few SE; not given to ppl with anaphylactic rxn to baker’s yeast

33
Q

Hep A

A

Killed vax given in 2 doses 6 months apart; viral infection that infects the liver leading to acute illness, long term liver disease, liver failure, and death

34
Q

Hep A SE and CI

A

Few SE and no CI

35
Q

Varicella

A

Live vax preventing against varicella which causes rash, slight fever, anorexia; leads to ear infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and thrombocytopenia (Dec platelets)

36
Q

Varicella SE and CI

A

Pain and tenderness at the site, not given to pregnant or immunocompromised or kids getting steroids bc can be immunocompromised

37
Q

Prevnar

A

Killed vax; organism it fights is Streptococcus penumoniae or pneumococcus; leading cause of serious illness among young kids worldwide and most frequent cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, sinusitis, and ear infections

38
Q

Prevnar SE and CI

A

Local rxn, drowsy, irritable, V/D; CI is hypersensitivity to this vax

39
Q

Rotavirus

A

Oral vax given to infants; prevents against virus with lots of V/D and can easily lead to dehydration; no SE or CI

40
Q

Influenza

A

Recommended for kids 6 months or older that have asthma, cardiac disease, HIV, diabetes and sickle cell disease; given 1x/yr in fall; kids under 8yrs need 2 injections 2 weeks apart the first time they get

41
Q

Tetanus shot

A

Need booster every 10 years

42
Q

Synagsis

A

Given to prenatal infants or those at high risk to Dec chance of getting RSV which causes baby to make lots of mucus that clogs and makes hard to breathe; very pricy so reserved for high risk babies like premature or asthmatic

43
Q

Meningococcal

A

Prevents against meningitis; started at 11-12 years and may need booster at 16-18

44
Q

Garuda is

A

3 dose vax given to all kids under age 14; start at 11 and protects against HPV

45
Q

General CI for vax

A

Current fever or severe febrile illness, known allergic rxn to a previously known vax

46
Q

NOT CI for vax

A

Mild fever, moderate to severe local rxn, current antibiotic therapy, convalescent phase of therapy, prematurity, recent exposure to infectious disease, history of non-specific allergies

47
Q

What happens if not records of kids vax?

A

Might start over but some vax can’t be given then

48
Q

What happens if kids are unvaxxed?

A

If under age 1, begin regular schedule
If over year old, give TD, IPV, MMR, HPV

49
Q

Red book

A

Reference for altered immunization schedules

50
Q

Can immunocompromised kids get live vax?

A

NO

Pediatrics (26 decks)

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