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Pediatrics > School Age And Adolescent > Flashcards

School Age And Adolescent Flashcards

1
Q

School age

A

6-12 years

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2
Q

School age biological growth

A
  • Wt—4-6 lbs/year
  • Ht—2 inches/year
  • General appearance—slimmer look with long legs
  • Inc in muscle (not very strong)
  • Dec in HC in relation to ht
  • Thinner at waist
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3
Q

School age VS and immune system

A
  • Bladder capacity inc
  • heart and rep dec to HR 70-90 and RR 16-24
  • BP inc to around 112/60
  • immune system more competent but get sicker in first years of school bc haven’t had the chance to develop antibodies yet
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4
Q

School age teeth

A
  • deciduous teeth lost until age 12
  • avg kid gains 28 permanent teeth
  • Should be able to brush independently by school age
  • dental caries are big problems—need good hygiene
  • limit snacks (high protein, fruit and veg)
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5
Q

School agers motor and sensory dev

A
  • bone growth faster than muscle and ligament development
  • susceptible to fractures
  • mvts more limber, graceful, and coordinated
  • better stamina and energy
  • vision 20/20 by 6-7 years
  • brain growth (size) complete by 10 years of age
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6
Q

School age fine motor development

A
  • 6 year old—tie shoelaces, cut and paste, print (reverses letters)
  • 7Y reads
  • 8Y cursive
  • 9Y mature writing
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7
Q

School age motor development 6-8 years

A

can ride a bike, run, jump, climb, hop, improved eye-hand coordination, prints word and learn cursive writing, brush and comb hair; gain modesty

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8
Q

Motor dev 8-10Y

A

Throw ball well, participate in organized sports, use both hands ind, handle eating utensils

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9
Q

10-12 motor dev

A

Enjoy physical activities, improve motor coordination

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10
Q

School aged stress

A

Supernatural beings, injury, storm, the dark, staying home alone, separation from parents, things on TV, movies, failure in school, tests, being unattractive

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11
Q

School age sleep

A

During school age, sleep time declines slightly but inc during pre-pubertal growth spurt

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12
Q

School age play

A
  • inc physical skill, intellect, fantasy but kids form sense of belonging as group
  • need for conformity comes through games they play
  • want to be with peers and influenced by them
  • age 6 like more structured activities
  • age 8 like table games, hate to lose
  • age 10, kids ready for competition
  • comprehend rules and rituals of games and want to succeed
  • good eye/hand coordination and logical thinking
  • observe and classify, collect—Piaget skill
  • music
  • boys and girls stay separate
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13
Q

Social dev in school age kids

A

Some kids forces to act outside peer group to conform at home; start to mix awkwardly with opposite sex; bullying
- continued egocentric
- want to be first
- peer oriented
- improve relx with siblings
- greater self-control, confident, sincere
- respect parents and role
- engaged in real world tasks

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14
Q

School age temperaments

A

Continue thru this stage

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15
Q

School age red flags

A

Social isolation, school failure, lack friends, aggressive behavior—fight, fire setting, animal abuse

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16
Q

School age for Erickson

A

Industry vs inferiority—children get skills to help with contribute to community; feel good at something thru personal and interpersonal competence
- must enjoy the process of something—hobby
- be part of a group
- medically, ex: take own blood sugar

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17
Q

Piaget for school agers

A

Concrete operational—can use thoughts to experience events and situations
- mental operations (understand amount of milk in a taller thinner glass is same as in a wider shorter glass)
- rapidly acquire cognitive skills
- less rigid and egocentric
- progress from making judgement on what they see to making judgments on what they think
- Learn reversibility
- learn classification skills

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18
Q

School age cognitive development

A
  • learn conservation of liquid, mass, number, length, area, volume
  • reversibility—think about consequences
  • classification skills—group things by common attributes
  • can serialize
  • ability to read (make it fun)
  • understand conservation
  • focus on phenomena they can see occurring
19
Q

Kohlberg for school agers

A

Conventional morality stage 3-4
- acts to gain approval of others
- good behavior is what pleases others
- respect for rules, laws, authority
- rarely questions those in authority—leads to abuse
- guilt when break rules
- begin to question as they age

20
Q

School age lang

A

Learn syntax of lang and grammar, use lang to give directions, make word meanings from inferences; meta-linguistic awareness—pick up jokes, riddles, puns

21
Q

School age personal development

A
  • confidence of place w/i family gives them ability to branch out
  • peer groups
  • boys and girls inc tolerant of each other
  • learn to argue, persuade, bargain, cooperate, compromise with friends
  • sibling conflict inc
  • need parents to act as parents, not pals
  • parents help them not act on every urge
22
Q

School age body image

A
  • become very aware of everyone’s
  • notice if overweight or muscular
  • aware of diabilitites
  • aware of hair, less aware of other grooming
  • child may be concerned but not share with others
23
Q

Prepubescent

A

2Y period before puberty, diff between boys and girls, early appearance of secondary sex char in girls and late appearance in boys

24
Q

Adolescents bio growth

A

Rapid; growth fastest in girl in early puberty, boys in mid puberty; girls gain 2-8in and 15-55lbs; boys 4-12in and 15-65lbs

25
Q

Adolescent nutrition

A

Need multivitamin, calcium, and vitamin D; will be very hungry then not

26
Q

Adolescent secondary sex char

A
  • pubic hair
  • menarche or penis growth
  • voice changes for boys
  • underarm hair
  • facial hair growth for boys
  • inc production of oil, sweat glands, acne
27
Q

Female puberty

A
  • Earliest change is breast dev then pubic hair in 2-6 months
  • inc in vaginal discharge early on
  • menarche 2Y after dev of breast buds (avg age 12.5)
  • pubertal delay if no breast dev by age 13 or menarche w/i 2-2.5 years of onset of breast dev
  • precocious puberty is considered if breast or pubic hair occurs before 6 or 7
28
Q

Male puberty

A
  • testicular enlargement and lengthening first (9.5-14Y)
  • pubic hair growth begins early
  • gynecomastia occurs mid puberty (man breasts—correlated to body fat and often temporary)
  • pubertal delay if no enlargement of testes or scrotum by age 14 or if genital growth not complete 4Y after testicles enlargement
  • precocious puberty if secondary sex char occur before age 9
29
Q

Adolescent stress

A

Inept social performance, social isolation, sexuality, drugs, war, divorce, crowds, gossip, public speaking, death

30
Q

Myths of adolescence

A

They are invincible and always “on stage”

31
Q

Adolescent brain development

A

Not completely dev until late adolescence—emo, physical, mental abilities incomplete; silly then serious; bc frontal lobe not fully developed
- vulnerable to risk taking
- sleep longer—9.5 hours

32
Q

Adolescent concerns

A
  • more clumsy
  • girls likely to try to lose weight
  • concerned if not physically dev at same rate as peers
  • feel awkward showing affection to opposite sex parent
  • ask more direct questions about sex—trying to figure out values around sex
33
Q

Adults role in adolescent development

A

Give experiences with adrenaline in safe manner—roller coaster, zip line; avoid comparing to others; encourage enough sleep; model healthy eating and activity; provide honest answers about sex

34
Q

Adolescent sleep

A

Circadian rhythm changes—need to sleep later and stay up later

35
Q

Adolescent play

A

Peer activity—read, dance, music, puzzles, team sports

36
Q

Adolescent safety

A

Cars, sub abuse, firearms, sex, depression and SI, recreational athletic activities

37
Q

Erikson for adolescents

A

Identity vs role confusion
- separate from parents
- establish ID
- figure out life plan
- accept changed body image
- comes about thru experience
- establish value system
- establish autonomy

38
Q

Establishing intimacy for adolescents

A
  • intimacy and sex not the same
  • establish same-sex friendships than romantic relationships
  • develops close, open, honest, caring, trusting relationship
  • learn to maintain relationships and increase intimacy
39
Q

Predictors of sexual activities

A

Steady significant other, parents having permissive values about sex, being worried about one’s future occupational success, not having other ways to occupy your time

40
Q

Adolescent achievement

A
  • Need to determine areas they want to strive in
  • identify strengths
41
Q

How can adults help adolescents?

A
  • encourage involvement in groups
  • praise effort and abilities
  • know friends
  • set guidelines and consequences
  • provide structure
42
Q

Piaget for adolescents

A

Formal operations
- think abstractly
- develop strategies for improving their learning
- think about what they feel
- concepts of self—self-absorbed
- can think about faith, love, spirituality
- grapple with ethical concerns

43
Q

Teens are…

A
  • justice oriented
44
Q

Kohlberg for adolescents

A

Younger adolescents—conventional level of moral reasoning
- absolute moral guidelines; rules
Older adolescents—principled moral reasoning
- concrete rules and guidelines questioned
- can challenge ethical thinking

Pediatrics (26 decks)

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